See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303386313 Distributed Manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities Article in International Journal of Production Research · June 2016 DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2016.1192302 CITATIONS READS 0 81 15 authors, including: Gary Graham Simon Ford University of Leeds University of Cambridge 57 PUBLICATIONS 280 CITATIONS 43 PUBLICATIONS 144 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Andy Neely Ashutosh Tiwari University of Cambridge Cranfield University 170 PUBLICATIONS 9,852 CITATIONS 216 PUBLICATIONS 2,275 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: AMSCI Jubilee View project Bit by Bit: Capturing the value from the digital fabrication 'revolution' View project All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Mukesh Kumar letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 25 September 2016 International Journal of Production Research For Peer Review Only Distributed Manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities Journal: International Journal of Production Research Manuscript ID TPRS-2015-IJPR-2003.R2 Manuscript Type: Original Manuscript Date Submitted by the Author: 03-Apr-2016 Complete List of Authors: Srai, Jagjit; University of Cambridge, Engineering Kumar, Mukesh; Cambridge University, Department of Engineering, Institute for Manufacturing Graham, Gary; University of Leeds, Business School Phillips , Wendy Tooze, James Ford, Simon Beecher, Paul Raj, Baldev; National Institute of Advanced Studies, Gregory, Mike; University of Cambridge, Institute for Manufacturing Tiwari, Manoj; Indian Institute of Technology, Industrial and Systems http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tprs Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 37 International Journal of Production Research 1 2 3 4 Engineering; 5 Ravi, B Neely, Andy; University of Cambridge, UK, Distributed Information and 6 Automation Laboratory 7 Shankar, Ravi; IIT Delhi, Management Studies 8 Charenley, Fiona 9 Tiwari, Ashutosh; Cranfield University, Enterprise Integration, SIMS 10 DISTRIBUTED MANUFACTURING CONTROL, MANUFACTURING 11 Keywords: 12 INFORMATION SYSTEMS 13 Keywords (user): Localisation, Emerging Production Technologies 14 For Peer Review Only 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tprs Email: [email protected] International Journal of Production Research Page 2 of 37 1 2 3 Reply to reviewers 4 5 Dear Editor (and Reviewers), 6 7 We greatly appreciate the opportunity to revise our paper (Manuscript ID: TPRS- 8 9 2015-IJPR-2003, Distributed Manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities) for 10 the special issue. Thank you very much for providing us with the reviewers’ 11 comments. We found the comments from the reviewers to be very helpful and 12 constructive, hence, we have incorporated all the major concerns and (most) of the 13 minor suggestions. We trust you will agree, that the paper has benefited from this 14 exercise.For Peer Review Only 15 16 Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author: 17 18 Reviewer: 1 19 20 Comments to the Author 21 Reviewers' comments integrated - OK ! 22 Response: We are very thankful for your kind comments. 23 24 Reviewer: 2 25 26 27 Comments to the Author 28 A very interesting paper on distributed manufacturing. This paper is multiple 29 case study and focuses on various industries. The paper is well written and 30 consistent. The case study methodology is not very well described and the 31 authors should spend few more lines on this. Also the generalization of the 32 results should be discussed in the final sections with regard to limitations of the 33 study. 34 35 Response: We have incorporated your fruitful comments and highlighted in the 36 manuscript. 37 38 Reviewer: 3 39 40 Comments to the Author 41 All my concerns on the previous version of this paper have been well addressed 42 and I agree with its publication in IJPR now. 43 44 45 Response: We are very thankful for your appreciation. 46 47 We trust that the above changes to the manuscript and supporting tables, and our 48 summary of responses to Reviewers comments address the issues highlighted. 49 50 We look forward to your feedback and thank you once again for your efforts in 51 improving the paper. 52 53 54 Kind regards, 55 56 The Authors 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tprs Email: [email protected] Page 3 of 37 International Journal of Production Research 1 2 3 4 Distributed Manufacturing: scope, challenges and 5 opportunities 6 7 8 a a b c d 9 Jagjit Singh Srai , Mukesh Kumar , Gary Graham , Wendy Phillips , James Tooze , , 10 Simon Ford a, Paul Beecher a, Baldev Raj f, Mike Gregory a, Manoj Kumar Tiwari g*, B. 11 Ravi h, Andy Neely a, Ravi Shankar i, Fiona Charnley e, Ashutosh Tiwari e 12 13 a 14 InstituteFor for Manufacturing, Peer DepartmentReview of Engineer ing,Only University of Cambridge, 15 Cambridge CB3 0FS ,United Kingdom 16 b 17 Leeds University Business School, Moorland Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS6 1AN, 18 United Kingdom 19 20 cBristol Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, University of West of England, 21 Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom 22 23 dDesign Products, Royal College of Art, Kensington Gore, London SW7 2EU, United 24 Kingdom 25 26 eManufacturing Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, 27 United Kingdom 28 29 fNational Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, 30 Karnataka 560012, India 31 32 gDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 33 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India 34 35 hMechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 36 40076, India 37 38 iDepartment of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, 39 New Delhi 110016, India 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tprs Email: [email protected] International Journal of Production Research Page 4 of 37 1 2 3 Distributed Manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities 4 5 6 a* a b c d 7 Jagjit Singh Srai , Mukesh Kumar , Gary Graham , Wendy Phillips , James Tooze , , Simon a a f a g h 8 Ford , Paul Beecher , Baldev Raj , Mike Gregory , Manoj Kumar Tiwari , B. Ravi , Andy a i e e 9 Neely , Ravi Shankar , Fiona Charnley , Ashutosh Tiwari 10 11 aInstitute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 12 Cambridge CB3 0FS,United Kingdom 13 14 bLeeds UniversityFor Business Peer School, Moorland Review Road, Leeds, West Only Yorkshire LS6 1AN, United 15 Kingdom 16 17 cBristol Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, University of West of England, 18 Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom 19 20 dDesign Products, Royal College of Art, Kensington Gore, London SW7 2EU, United 21 Kingdom 22 e 23 Manufacturing Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, 24 United Kingdom 25 f 26 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, 27 Karnataka 560012, India 28 g 29 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 30 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India 31 hMechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 32 40076, India 33 34 iDepartment of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New 35 Delhi 110016, India 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Keywords: Distributed Manufacturing, Emerging Production Technologies, ICT, 43 Digitalization, Localization, Personalization, Community-based Production, Urban 44 45 Environments, Smart City Production Systems 46 47 48 49 50 * Corresponding author: Jagjit Singh Srai 51 52 Phone: +44 1223 765601 53 54 Email: [email protected] 55 56 57 58 1 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tprs Email: [email protected] Page 5 of 37 International Journal of Production Research 1 2 3 Abstract 4 5 6 This discussion paper aims to set out the key challenges and opportunities emerging from 7 distributed manufacturing (DM). We begin by describing the concept, available definitions 8 9 and consider its evolution where recent production technology developments (such as 10 11 additive and continuous production process technologies), digitization together with 12 infrastructural developments (in terms of IoT and big-data) provide new opportunities. 13 14 For Peer Review Only 15 16 To further explore the evolving nature of DM, the authors, each of whom are involved in 17 specific applications of DM research, examine through an expert panel workshop 18 19 environment emerging DM applications involving new production and supporting 20 21 infrastructural technologies. This paper presents these generalizable findings on DM 22 challenges and opportunities in terms of products, enabling production technologies, and the 23 24 impact on the wider production and industrial system. Industry structure and location of 25 26 activities are examined in terms of the democratizing impact on participating network actors. 27 28 29 The paper concludes with a discussion on the changing nature of manufacturing as a result of 30 31 DM, from the traditional centralized, large scale, long lead-time forecast driven production 32 operations, to a new DM paradigm where manufacturing is a decentralized, autonomous near 33 34 end-user driven activity. A forward research agenda is proposed that considers the impact of 35 36 DM on the industrial and urban landscape. 37 38 39 40 1. Introduction 41 42 Previous eras of large-scale manufacturing have been characterized by progressive 43 44 centralization of operations, dating back to the time of the Industrial Revolution and the 45 46 emergence of the factory system from the previous artisan-based craft production.