DOCUMENT RESUME ED 473 802 CS 511 787 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (85th, Miami, Florida, August 5-8, 2002). Miscellaneous Divisions. PUB DATE 2002-08-00 NOTE 516p.; For other sections of these proceedings, see CS 511 769-786. PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF02/PC21 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Advertising; Broadcast Journalism; Case Studies; Course Evaluation; Disabilities; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; *Internet; Internship Programs; *Journalism Education; Marriage; Mass Media Effects; Media Coverage; Newspapers; Olympic Games; Portfolios (Background Materials); Presidential Campaigns (United States); Religion; *Scholastic Journalism; *Student Attitudes; Visual Arts IDENTIFIERS *Civic Journalism; Framing (Communication Behavior); South Korea; Television News ABSTRACT The Miscellaneous Divisions of the proceedings contains the following 18 papers: "The Detroit Newspapers' Coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit Before and During the Newspaper Strike" (Geri Alumit Zeldes); "Uncivil Religion and Uncivil Science: A Case Study in News Framing and the Sociology of Knowledge" (Rick Clifton Moore); "Portrayal of Religion in Reality TV Programming: Hegemony and the Contemporary American Wedding" (Erika Engstrom and Beth Semic); "Are Disability Images in Advertising Becoming Bold and Daring? An Analysis of Prominent Themes in U.S. and UK Campaigns" (Beth A. Haller and Sue Ralph); "An Analysis of the Dissimilar Coverage of the 2002 Olympics and Paralympics: Frenzied Pack Journalism Versus the Empty Press Room" (Anne V. Golden); "Students as Citizens: Experiential Approaches to Teaching Civic Journalism" (Chike Anyaegbunam and Buck Ryan); "How Public Sphere Theorists Have Influenced Civic Journalism" (Sherrie L. Wilson); "Disposition and Ethnicity in Competition-Based Reality Television Programming: An Examination of the Effects on Viewer Enjoyment" (Kristin M. Barton and Arthur A. Raney); "Marriage on Television: A Content Analysis" (Sara Netzley); "Late-night Comedy in Election 2000: The Direct Effects of Exposure on Candidate Trait Ratings and the Moderating Role of Political Knowledge" (Dannagal E. Goldthwaite); "Learning to Do What Comes Naturally: Delivery Instruction in Broadcast News Textbooks" (Catherine Winter); "Axis of Evil vs. Sunshine Frame: U.S. and S. Korean TV News Coverage of President Bush's Visit to S. Korea" (Jong Hyuk Lee and Yun Jung Choi); "Journalism Students' Perceptions of the Value of Internships" (John E. Getz); "Portfolios for Television News Careers: Recommendations from Pennsylvania News Directors" (B. Gail Wilson); "In Search of a Forest, Not Just the Trees: Online Journalism Scholarship at the 10-Year Mark" (Jane B. Singer and Shayla Thiel); "Seeing as Believing: A Cast Study of Weber's Schema of Charisma and Institution Building As Seen in Visual Images of Students at a Christian Liberal Arts College, 1900- 1940" (Michael A. Longinow); "Media Convergence: Industry Practices and Implications for Education" (David Bulla); and "Is It the Grades or the Goods? Instructor and Course Ratings: A Self Determination Theory Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Perspective" (Vincent F. Filak and Kennon M. Sheldon). (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (85th, Miami, FL, August 5-8, 200X): Miscellaneous Divisions. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY futc_GII TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 --- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been madeto improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions statedin this document do not necessarilyrepresent official OERI position or policy. N- 00 BEST COPY AVM IKE Ur-* 00 The Detroit Newspapers' coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit before and during the Newspaper Strike 1 The Detroit Newspapers' coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit before and during the Newspaper Strike by: Geri Alumit Zeldes, Ph.D. Visiting Assistant Professor Michigan State University 12212 East D Avenue Richland, MI 49083 (H) 616.629.9014 [email protected] Accepted by the Religion and Media Interest Group z 3 The Detroit Newspapers' coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit before and during the Newspaper Strike 2 Abstract A content analysis of the Detroit News and the Detroit Free Press showed that coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit during the Detroit Newspaper Strike (July 13, 1995 to February 20, 1997) increased and the tone of thecoverage was more favorable during the strike than before the strike. The findings contrast with claimsby members of the Catholic Church in Detroit that thenewspapers had an institutional bias against the church. The Detroit Newspapers' coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit before and during the Newspaper Strike 3 Introduction Allegations of institutional bias in the news media is nothing new.' Two recently published books that provide anecdotes of liberal bias in the news media is however, encouraging fresh debates about the lack of fairness and balance in journalism: Bernard Goldberg's Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distorts the News, and William McGowan's Coloring the News: How Crusading for Diversity Has Corrupted American Journalism2. Critics of these books fault the authors for providingno scholarly research to substantiate their claims of liberal news bias.3 This study back peddles in time to substantiate or refute claims of news bias made by members of a religious institution. The main purpose of this research is to use content analysis to measure the Detroit News' and the Detroit Free Press' coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese before and during the Detroit newspaper strike, which took place July 13, 1995 to February 20, 1997. Members of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit claimed the newspapersgave unfavorable and less coverage of the Archdiocese during this period. Background to the Detroit Newspaper Strike and role of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit In 1989 a joint operating agreement (JOA) allowed the formation of the Detroit Newspaper Agency (DNA), which managed distribution and sales for the Detroit News and Detroit Free Press newspapers. Two years later the newspaper conflictarose when the DNA approached the following unions with a cost-cutting plan: Newspaper Guild Local 22, Teamsters Locals 372 and 2040, Graphic Communications International Union Local 13N and 289M and Typographical Union Local 18. Through buyouts and attrition, the plan would have eliminated 109 distribution and production jobs. The plan also wanted to substitute the mandatory wage increases for all newsroom employees witha merit-pay system. On the night of July 13, 1995, the DNA and the unions failed to reach an agreement, which jumpstarted the Detroit Newspaper Strike.4 The Detroit Newspapers' coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit before and during the Newspaper Strike 4 An estimated 2,500 workers walked out on their jobs at the News and the Free Press. Before the strike legally ended on Valentine's Day, February 14, 1997,many people, businesses and organizations in Detroit chose sides in the labor conflict.5 One of those organizations was the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit,6 which at that time served approximately 1.4 million Catholics across six counties in southeastern Michigan.' On August 15, 1995 Adam Cardinal Maida, the Archbishop of Detroit, releaseda formal statement on the strike.8 The statement referred to Catholic social teaching, which historically supported workers' right to strike. The statementwas sent to the local media and the hundreds of parishes, schools and institutions under the Archdiocese. Managementat the Detroit News criticized this statement because it did not take into consideration the News' point of view.9 Research issue:Lack of Church and Press Research A literature search produced no scholarly work exclusivelyon the coverageor relationship between the Detroit newspapers and the Archdiocese of Detroit. Themost similar study was Ragains' thesis which used narrative description and found that thecoverage of Fr. Charles E. Coughlin in four large newspapers, three of whichwere from Detroit, had no influence on Coughlin's electoral results in 1936 election in general.'° A review of literature on the coverage of religion in thepress was more successful. Evidence exists however, that in recent years, scholarly interest in increasing religious coverage is growing. A Los Angeles Times religion columnist John Dart and theRev. Jimmy Allen, a Southern Baptist church leader and experton religious communication, surveyed newspaper reporters and editors for a 1993 study titled Bridging the Gap: Religion and the News Media. The study found the press refrains from covering religion because religious stories are rarely newsworthy, there's a lack of understanding of different religions, and the "hard evidence for the supernatural" is scant." The Freedom Forum's First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University sponsored