GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document TS.34 - IoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines IoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines Version 7.1 09 June 2021 This Industry Specification is a Non-binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA Security Classification: Non-confidential Access to and distribution of this document is restricted to the persons permitted by the security classification. This document is confidential to the Association and is subject to copyright protection. This document is to be used only for the purposes for which it has been supplied and information contained in it must not be disclosed or in any other way made available, in whole or in part, to persons other than those permitted under the security classification without the prior written approval of the Association. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2021 GSM Association Disclaimer The GSM Association (“Association”) makes no representation, warranty or undertaking (express or implied) with respect to and does not accept any responsibility for, and hereby disclaims liability for the accuracy or completeness or timeliness of the information contained in this document. The information contained in this document may be subject to change without prior notice. Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association’s antitrust compliance policy. This GSMA Permanent Reference Document (PRD) is classified by GSMA as an Industry Specification, as such it has been developed and is maintained by GSMA in accordance with the provisions set out GSMA AA.35 - Procedures for Industry Specifications. V7.1 Page 1 of 77 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document TSG.34/TS.34 - IoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines Table of Contents Introduction 5 Problem Statement Error! Bookmark not defined. Document Scope Error! Bookmark not defined. Intended Audience Error! Bookmark not defined. Intended Use of the Document Error! Bookmark not defined. Key Words Used to Indicate Requirement Levels Error! Bookmark not defined. Definition of Terms Error! Bookmark not defined. Abbreviations Error! Bookmark not defined. References Error! Bookmark not defined. IoT Architecture Assumptions (Informative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Generalised IoT Device Architecture Error! Bookmark not defined. Generalised IoT Service Architecture Error! Bookmark not defined. IoT Device Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. IoT Device Application Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. o Monolithic IoT Device Application Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Tiered IoT Device Application Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. IoT Embedded Service Layer Requirements (Normative Section)Error! Bookmark not defined. Communication Module Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Standards Compliance Error! Bookmark not defined. Network Efficiency Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. IPv6 Requirements for Communication Modules that Support IPv6 Error! Bookmark not defined. Requirements for Communication Modules that Support LTE Error! Bookmark not defined. Requirements for Communication Modules that Support Fast Dormancy Error! Bookmark not defined. (U)SIM Interface Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. Security Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. Device Management Error! Bookmark not defined. Subscription Identifier Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. Requirements for Communication Modules that Support Device Host Identity Reporting (DHIR) (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. IoT Service Provider Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Policy-based Connection Efficiency Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction Error! Bookmark not defined. Policy-based mechanism requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. General mechanism Error! Bookmark not defined. V7.1 Page 2 of 77 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document TSG.34/TS.34 - IoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines Connection Efficiency Policy Management Error! Bookmark not defined. Example application: Connect IoT Device with back-off procedure Error! Bookmark not defined. Radio Policy Manager Requirements (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Overview Error! Bookmark not defined. Radio Policy Manager Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. General Error! Bookmark not defined. Mobility Management Error! Bookmark not defined. Session Management Error! Bookmark not defined. Timers and Counters Error! Bookmark not defined. RPM (U)SIM Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. EF-RPM Enabled Flag Description Error! Bookmark not defined. EF-RPM Parameters Error! Bookmark not defined. EF-RPM Operational Management Counters Leak Rate Error! Bookmark not defined. EF-RPM Operational Management Counters Error! Bookmark not defined. EF-RPM Version Implemented Error! Bookmark not defined. 3GPP Connection Efficiency Features (Normative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. Rejection of IoT Device Requests with Back-off Timer Error! Bookmark not defined. Handling of Low Access Priority Indicator Error! Bookmark not defined. Implicit Reject in GSM Radio Network Error! Bookmark not defined. Long Periodic LAU/RAU/TAU Error! Bookmark not defined. Extended Access Barring Error! Bookmark not defined. Extended NMO-I Error! Bookmark not defined. Minimum Periodic Search Timer Error! Bookmark not defined. Attach with IMSI Indicator Error! Bookmark not defined. Timer T3245 Error! Bookmark not defined. Configuration of 3GPP Release 10 Connection Efficiency Parameters Error! Bookmark not defined. Power Saving Mode Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex A Connection Efficiency Use Cases (Informative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. A.1 Use of Unintelligent Error Handing Mechanisms Error! Bookmark not defined. A.2 Use of insecure IoT Communications Modules Error! Bookmark not defined. A.3 Radius Server Overload Error! Bookmark not defined. A.4 Fake IMEI case Error! Bookmark not defined. A.5 3GPP Standards Non-compliance Cases Error! Bookmark not defined. A.6 Other Reported Examples Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex B Connection Efficiency Protection Mechanisms Within Mobile Networks (Informative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. B.1 Use of SIM Toolkit Applications Error! Bookmark not defined. B.2 Use of Dynamic Billing Error! Bookmark not defined. V7.1 Page 3 of 77 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document TSG.34/TS.34 - IoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines B.3 Barring of Network Connectivity Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex C Advice for IoT Application Developers (Informative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. C.1 Bandwidth Awareness and Efficient Network Connection Usage Advice Error! Bookmark not defined. C.2 IoT Device Application Scaling Advice Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex D Device Diagnostic Requirements (Informative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. D.1 Remote Diagnostics Recommendations Error! Bookmark not defined. D.2 Local Diagnostic Requirements Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex E GSM/UMTS Cause Code Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex F Example Text to be Inserted Into Contracts and RFQs (Informative Section) Error! Bookmark not defined. F.1 Example Text Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex G Void Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex H Document Management Error! Bookmark not defined. H.1 Document History Error! Bookmark not defined. Other Information Error! Bookmark not defined. V7.1 Page 4 of 77 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document TSG.34/TS.34 - IoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines Introduction Problem Statement The predicted large scale growth of IoT Devices and their associated IoT Device Applications will create major challenges for Mobile Network Operators. One major challenge that Mobile Network Operators must overcome is the risk caused by the mass deployment of inefficient, insecure or defective IoT Devices on the Mobile Network Operators’ networks. When deployed on a mass scale such devices can cause network signalling traffic to increase to a level which impacts network services for all users of the mobile network. In the worst cases the mass deployment of such IoT Devices can disable a mobile network completely. Mobile Network Operators have faced similar issues in the past, most recently with the massive growth of smartphones. In this case many smartphone application developers inadvertently created many inefficient applications. Over the past decade Mobile Network Operators, smartphone device makers and smartphone application developers have worked together to resolve these difficulties through a mix of increasing network capacity (e.g. 3.5G and 4G network deployment), 3GPP standardisation, improvements to smartphone operating systems and development of smartphone application developer guidelines. With the forecasted high growth in IoT Devices the industry is in a similar situation to the start of the smartphone boom, but with a different group of device makers and application developers. With the IoT however the potential number of devices is higher and, due to the different commercial models for IoT Devices, it is far more challenging for the Mobile Network Operator to influence the behaviour of IoT Device manufacturers and IoT Device Application developers. An IoT Device overusing the network may lead to problems such as: • Reducing the lifetime of the (U)SIM card by increasing dramatically the read/write