PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/123050 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-06 and may be subject to change. Interreligious Studies Suhadi “I Come from a Pancasila Family” A Discursive Study on Muslim-Christian Identity Transformation in Indonesian Post-Reformasi Era Lit "I Come from a Pancasila Family" A Discursive Study on Muslim-Christian Identity Transformation in Indonesian Post-Reformasi Era Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. mr. S.C.J.J Kortmann, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 28 januari 2014 om 10.30 uur precies door Suhadi geboren op 13 september 1977 te Kediri, Indonesië Promotor: Prof. dr. Frans Wijsen Copromotor: Dr. Wening Udasmoro, Gadjah Mada Universiteit, Yogyakarta Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. E. Venbrux Prof. dr. K. Van Nieuwkerk Prof. dr. H. Beek (University of Tilburg) "I Come from a Pancasila Family" A Discursive Study on Muslim-Christian Identity Transformation in Indonesian Post-Reformasi Era Doctoral Thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud University Nijmegen on the authority of Rector Magnificus prof. dr. S.C.J.J. Kortma according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Tuesday, Janary 28, 2014 at precisely 10.30 hours by Suhadi born on September 13, 1977 at Kediri, Indonesia Supervisor: Prof. dr. Frans Wijsen Co-supervisor: Dr. Wening Udasmoro, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta Doctoral Thesis Committee: Prof. dr. E . Venbrux Prof. dr. Van Nieuwkerk Prof. dr. H. Beek (University of Tilburg) Suhadi “I Come from a Pancasila Family” Interreligieus Studies edited by Prof. Dr. Frans Wijsen and Dr. Jorge E. Castillo Guerra This series is published by the Centre for World Christianity and Interreligious Studies at Radboud University Nijmegen Volume 6 LIT Suhadi “I Come from a Pancasila Family” A Discursive Study on Muslim-Christian Identity Transformation in Indonesian Post-Reformasi Era LIT Bibliography 220 Appendix 1 228 Appendix 2 230 Summary 238 Curriculum vitae 242 Indonesia PHILIPPINES SrtlATiy ISLANbS , Mindanao Köhmontan GRFATER SUNDA ISLANDS a’SSEft SWOA tglAtWS AiMnore and Cortlof (stands ttUlTRAU*) Map o f Indonesia JAVA oPangkatanbun 1‘ulau Banjarmastn Brlitung K .ilini.tiit.nl INDONESIA SUMATRA t .1 V .1 S t A Bakauheni Karimunjawa Putau Scang tslands Bawcun JAKARTA . Krakatau ®lndr,inuyu Islands _ , Jeparao 1‘ulau Tcgal ' oRtm bang M adura • Bandung ° I I‘titan ö Serrufang * So|o Surabaya Baluran / linjfto , Ciamlso , . (Surakarta) National 7 Centen^ Borobudur» e «Jombang par^ o • a f Pameungpeuk Yogyakarta Cilacap Malang® Pacitan® Banyuwangio c O c • 200 k m Grajagan I VI) l ,i v r'E .\ S Om >120 m ile s Map o f Java LJ Laskar Jihad (Jihad Militia Force) LUIS Laskar Umat Islam Surakarta (Surakarta Islamic Paramilitary Troops) MTA Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur'an (Quranic Interpretation Council) MUI Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Indonesian Ulama Council) MMI Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (Indonesian Mujahedeen Coun­ cil) NGO Non-Govemmental Organization NU Nahdlatul Ulama (Ulama Awakening) PAI Persatuan Arab Indonesia (Union of Indonesian Arab) PAN Partai Nasional Indoenesia (Indonesian Mandate Party) PBB Partai Bulan Bintang (Crescent Star Party) PBI Persekutuan Baptis Indonesia (Indonesian Baptist Alliance) PD Partai Demoki-at (Democratic Party) PDI-P Partai Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan (Indonesian Democ­ ratic Party-Struggle) PDS Partai Damai Sejahtera (Peace and Welfare Party) PGI Persekutuan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia (Communion of Churchcs in Indonesia) PGPI Persekutuan Gereja-gereja Pentakosta Indonesia (Association of Pentecostal Churches in Indonesia) PII Persekutuan Injili Indonesia (Indonesian Evangelical Fellow- ship) PKB Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (The National Awakening Party) PKI Partai Komunis Indonesia (Indonesian Communist Party) PKK Persatuan Keluarga Berencana (Family Planning Union) PKMI Partai Kaum Masehi Indonesia (Indonesian Christian Party) PKS Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Justice Welfare Party) PKU Pusat Kesehatan Umum (Center for Public Health) PMP Pendidikan Moral Pancasila (Pancasila Moral Education) PNI Partai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party) POSYANDU Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu (Center for Integrated Service) PPKI Persatuan Politik Katolik (Political Unity of Indonesian Catho- lics) PPP Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (United Development Party) RT Rukun Tetangga (Neighborhood Association) SARA Suku, Agama, Ras, dan Antar-golongan (Ethnicity, Religion, Race, and Inter-group) SMS Short Message Service SKB Surat Keputusan Bersama (Joint Decree) STAIN Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (State Academy of Islamic Studies) TAF The Asia Foundation UIN Universitas Islam Negeri (State Islamic University) UNS Universitas Sebelas Maret (Sebelas Maret University) F©r@w©rd In 2013 it is 15 years ago that the era of Indonesian Reformasi started. The transformation from the New Order political regime to the Reformasi political regime was marked by riots and violence in which religious (and/or ethnic) identities played a role. In some regions of Indonesia thousands of people, Muslims as well as Christians, died. Reconciliation has been achieved resulting in the absence of bloody conflicts between the two parties. However, as was voiced by the research participants in this study, feelings of suspicion are still around. In some specific cases they explode into severe tensions. Moreover, more conversation and dialogue are needed to reach mutual understanding. For this reason I hope that this study will contribute to enhance of inter-religious understanding between Muslim and Christian. Many individuals have contributed in one way or another to the study which culminated in this book. I would like to thank all of them. But because of lack of space only few individuals will be mentioned. First of all I would like to thank all the research participants in Solo (Surakarta) who voluntarily involved themselves in the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Some of these discussions were held in participants’ houses. Next, I also want to thank my two field re­ search assistants, Muhammad Ishom and Andita Hayuningtyas who worked very hard to organize twenty-four FGDs. An important person to whom I would like to express my deepest gratitude is my supervisor Prof. Frans Wijsen, Radboud University Nijmegen (RUN), the Netherlands, who has made me a part of his innovative project on the narrative study of religion. He guided my thinking and writing and helped me in non- academic affairs. Moreover, my special respect goes to my co-supervisor Dr. Wening Udasmoro, Gadjah Mada University (GMU), Indonesia, who not only gave fruitful suggestions for the revision of this work but also inspired me to finish this study. Additionally I would like to express my gratitude to Ms. Marcelle Manley who improved the English language in which this book is written. For conducting this study I am indebted to Prof. Irwan Abdullah, the former director of Graduate School GMU who was willing to sign a Memorandum of Understanding between the Graduate School and the Faculty of Religious Stud­ ies at RUN, which is now part of its Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Reli­ gious Studies. I extend this gratitude to Prof. Hartono and Prof. Suryo Purwono (the director and the vice-director of the School) and to Dr. Zainal A. Bagir (the director of Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies at the School) who supported my study and offered to set me free during my period of study. Furthermore I would like to devote my sincere gratefulness to some scholars at GMU and at other universities in Yogyakarta such as Prof. Bemard Adeny- Risakotta, Prof. Johannes Banawiratma, Prof. Gerrit Singgih, Prof. Mark Woodward, Prof. Achmad Mursyidi, Dr. Arqom Kuswanjono, Dr. St. Sunardi, Dr. Budi Subanar, Dr. Noorhaidi Hasan, Dr. Nur Ichwan, Dr. Fatimah Husein, Dr. Siti Syamsiyatun, Dr. Jeanny Dewayani, Dr. Dicky Sofyan, Dr. Budiawan, Dr. Syamsul Ma’arif, Dr. Iqbal Ahnaf, Dr. Zuly Qodir, Dr. Hasse J., Mr. Yoyo, and Ms. Emil Karmila after all. I also express my gratefulness to Prof. Merle C. Riclefs and Prof. Gavin Jones as other important scholars who influenced my development as an academician. I would also like to thank two religious leaders in Solo, K.H. Dian Nafi’ (Muslim) and Pdt. Uri C.S. Labeti (Christian). I honour my colleagues and friends at Radboud University Nijmegen such as Dr. Carl Sterkens, Dr. Jorge Castillo Guerra, Prof. Chris Hermans, Dr. Marie-Antoinette Willemsen, Dr. Thomas J. Ndaluka, Fr. Ambrose Bwangatto, Mr. Frans Dokman, Mr. Solomon Dejene, Mr. Handi Widananto, Mr. M. Yusuf, Mr. Tri Subagya, Mr. Cahyo Pamungkas, Ms. Agnes Camacho, Ms. Agnes Nauli, Mr. Ary Samsara, Ms. Jennifer Voss, Mr. Didi Rustam, Mr. Ahmet Kaya, Ms. Fatma Agca, Mr. Ichsan Kabullah, Ms. Miranti I. Mandasari, Ms. Menandro S. Abanes, Ms. Dona Sanctis, Ms. Haryani Saptaningtyas and Ms. Kenei Neipfe. We had inspiring discussions and cheerfulness gatherings. I also thank Ms. Miep Beuving, Mr. Alfred Bollen, Ms. Godelief de Jong, and Mr. Frans Wolswijk who helped me in dealing with various administrative affairs. I keep warm memories of my housemates at the Dominican house and the Catharina house in Nijmegen. Besides being lecturer at the university, I also got involved in a pesantren and in social activism. My special appreciation goes to Kyai Hasan of Mlangi, and three kyais from Pandanaran: Kyai Mu’tashim Billah, Gus Jazilus Sakhok, and Kyai Dr. Imaduddin Sukamto. I would also like to thank Mas Farid Wajidi, Mas Hairus Salim, Mas Jadul Maula, Mas Ahmad Fikri, Mas Nur Kholiq Ridwan, Mas Ahmad Shidqi, Mas Budhy Munawar Rahman, Mas Ahmad Suaedy, Mas Luthfi Assyaukanie, and Mbak Elga Sarapung. My greatest gratitude goes to my father (the late Bapak H. Cholil Shidiq) and my mother (the late Ibu Istianah), my beloved brothers and sisters in Kediri East Java, my parents in law, and my brothers and sisters in law in Blora Cen­ tral Java.