On Location: the Structure of Case and Adpositions Nina V Radkevich M.A., University of Kansas, 2005 M.A., University of Connecticut, 2008 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Connecticut APPROVAL PAGE Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation On Location: the Structure of Case and Adpositions Presented by Nina V. Radkevich, B.A., M.A. Major Advisor __________________________________________ Jonathan David Bobaljik Major Advisor __________________________________________ Željko Boškovi ć Associate Advisor ________________________________________ Andrea Calabrese Associate Advisor ________________________________________ Susi Wurmbrand University of Connecticut 2010 ii Хотели как лучше , а получилось как всегда . В.С. Черномырдин iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Local cases and their structure.......................................................................4 Chapter 3: On the functional structure of PP.................................................................10 Chapter 4: the VIP in Tense-Aspect-Mood morphology...............................................14 CHAPTER 2: THE GEOMETRY OF LOCAL CASES ...................................................20 1. Introduction................................................................................................................20 2. Morphological components of local cases................................................................24 2.1. Types of local case morphemes..............................................................................29 2.1.1. Place morphemes .................................................................................................29 2.1.2. Distal morphemes ................................................................................................32 2.1.3. Motion morphemes..............................................................................................34 2.1.4. Aspect morphemes...............................................................................................36 2.1.5. Orientation morphemes .......................................................................................40 2.1.6. Interim summary: types of local case morphemes...............................................42 2.1.7. Putting morphemes together................................................................................45 2.2. Geometrical organization of local cases .................................................................47 3. Evidence for geometric organization.........................................................................56 3.1. Possible and impossible portmanteaus ...................................................................57 3.1.1. Portmanteaus in Distributed Morphology ...........................................................58 3.1.2. Vocabulary insertion principle.............................................................................62 3.2. Non-DM approaches to portmanteaus ....................................................................66 3.3. Predicted local case portmanteau morphemes........................................................69 3.4. Attested local case portmanteau morphemes..........................................................71 3.4.1. L (localizer) portmanteau morphemes.................................................................74 3.4.2. M (modalizer) portmanteau morphemes..............................................................75 3.4.3. Loc portmanteau morphemes ..............................................................................77 3.5. Unattested portmanteau morphemes.......................................................................82 4. Local case syncretism ................................................................................................84 4.1. Syncretism in Distributed Morphology ..................................................................84 4.2. Attested types of local case syncretism ..................................................................86 4.3. Local case syncretism in Caha (2009) ....................................................................90 5. Local cases vs. adpositions........................................................................................93 6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................99 APPENDIX: Attested cases of local-non-local case syncretism.................................101 CHAPTER 3: ON THE FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF PP .....................................108 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................108 2. How different are PPs cross-linguistically?.............................................................111 2.1. Degree modification in PPs ..................................................................................111 2.1.1. Measure phrases in other domains.....................................................................121 2.2. Binding in PPs ......................................................................................................124 2.3. Quantifier float in PPs ..........................................................................................128 2.4. Interaction between the tests.................................................................................135 2.4.1. Quantifier float and binding in PPs ...................................................................135 2.4.2. Interaction between quantifier float and measure phrases.................................136 2.5. Summary...............................................................................................................138 iv 3. Measure phrases and movement out of PP in Russian ............................................141 3.1. Extraordinary left-branch extraction in Russian...................................................142 3.2. Approximative inversion in Russian ....................................................................152 3.3. Measure Phrases and its effects on extraction ......................................................156 3.3.1. Measure phrases and approximative inversion..................................................157 3.3.2. Extraordinary left-branch extraction and measure phrase PPs..........................159 3.4. Preposition doubling in Russian ...........................................................................163 3.5. Position of PP MEAS in PP in Russian.....................................................................166 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................170 CHAPTER 4: THE VOCABULARY INSERTION PRINCIPLE AND (IM)POSSIBLE TENSE-ASPECT-MOOD PORTMANTEAUS..............................................................171 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................171 2. The Vocabulary Insertion Principle, Rebracketing, and TAM morphology ...........174 2.1. Approaches to cumulative exponents and the VIP ...............................................174 2.2. The Vocabulary Insertion Principle and TAM portmanteaus: predictions...........180 3. Results of the survey................................................................................................188 3.1. Portmanteau morphemes and verbal suppletion...................................................191 3.2. Tense and Aspect portmanteau morphemes .........................................................200 3.3. Tense and mood portmanteau morphemes ...........................................................204 3.4. Tense, Aspect and Mood portmanteaus................................................................207 3.5. Attested and unattested morpheme orders............................................................210 3.6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................211 4. Alternative approaches to complex heads and portmanteaus ..................................212 4.1. Head movement and TAM portmanteaus.............................................................212 4.2. Rebracketing+Flip and TAM portmanteaus .........................................................218 4.3. Morphological merger and TAM portmanteaus...................................................225 4.3. Caha (2009)/ Williams (2003) and TAM portmanteaus.......................................229 5. Subject and Object Agreement Portmanteaus .........................................................231 6. Other types of portmanteau morphemes..................................................................236 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................239 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................240 APPENDIX 1: Definition of local cases (Blake 2004)....................................................242 APPENDIX 2: Languages of the local case survey.........................................................243 APPENDIX 3: Languages of the Tense-Aspect-Mood morphology survey...................244 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................246