Digital Human Sciences Digital Human Sciences The ongoing digitization of culture and society and the ongoing production of new digital objects in culture and society require new ways of investigation, new theoretical avenues, and new multidisciplinary frameworks. In order to meet these requirements, this collection of eleven studies digs into questions concerning, for example: the epistemology of data produced and shared on social media platforms; the need of new legal concepts that regulate the Digital increasing use of artificial intelligence in society; and the need of combinatory methods to research Human new media objects such as podcasts, web art, and Petersson Sonya by Edited online journals in relation to their historical, social, institutional, and political effects and contexts. Sciences The studies in this book introduce the new research New Objects – field “digital human sciences,” which include the New Approaches humanities, the social sciences, and law. From their different disciplinary outlooks, the authors share the aim of discussing and developing methods and approaches for investigating digital society, digital culture, and digital media objects. Edited by Sonya Petersson Digital Human Sciences New Objects—New Approaches Edited by Sonya Petersson Published by Stockholm University Press Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden www.stockholmuniversitypress.se Text © The Author2021 License CC-BY 4.0 Supporting Agency (funding): The Board of Human Science, Stockholm University First published 2021 Cover designed by Christina Lenz, Stockholm University Press Stockholm Studies in Culture and Aesthetics (Online) ISSN: 2002-3227 ISBN (Paperback): 978-91-7635-147-5 ISBN (PDF): 978-91-7635-144-4 ISBN (EPUB): 978-91-7635-145-1 ISBN (Mobi): 978-91-7635-146-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/bbk This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses /by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Suggested citation: Petersson, Sonya (ed.). 2021. Digital Human Sciences: New Objects—New Approaches. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi .org/10.16993/bbk. License: CC-BY 4.0. To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit https://doi.org/10.16993/bbk or scan this QR code with your mobile device. Stockholm Studies in Culture and Aesthetics Stockholm Studies in Culture and Aesthetics (SiCA) (ISSN 2002-3227) is a peer-reviewed series of monographs and edited volumes published by Stockholm University Press. SiCA strives to provide a broad forum for research on culture and aesthet- ics, including the disciplines of Art History, Heritage Studies, Curating Art, History of Ideas, Literary Studies, Musicology, and Performance and Dance Studies. In terms of subjects and methods, the orientation is wide: crit- ical theory, cultural studies and historiography, modernism and modernity, materiality and mediality, performativity and visual culture, children’s literature and children’s theatre, queer and gen- der studies. It is the ambition of SiCA to place equally high demands on the academic quality of the manuscripts it accepts as those applied by refereed international journals and academic publishers of a similar orientation. SiCA accepts manuscripts in English, Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian. Editorial Board Frida Beckman, Professor of Literature at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics, Stockholm University Jaqueline Berndt, Professor of Japanese Language and Culture at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, Stockholm University Jørgen Bruhn, Professor of Comparative Literature at the Centre for Intermedial and Multimodal Studies at Linnaeus University in Växjö Anna Cullhed, Professor of Literature at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics, Stockholm University Karin Dirke, Associate Professor of History of Ideas at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics, Stockholm University Johanna Ethnersson Pontara, Associate Professor of Musicology at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Jacob Lund, Associate Professor of Aesthetics and Culture at the School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University Catharina Nolin, Associate Professor of Art History at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Sonya Petersson (coordination and communication), PhD Art History, Research Officer at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics, Stockholm University Meike Wagner (chairperson), Professor of Theatre Studies at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Titles in the series 1. Rosenberg, T. 2016. Don’t Be Quiet, Start a Riot! Essays on Feminism and Performance. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/baf. License: CC-BY 4.0 2. Lennon, J. & Nilsson, M. (eds.) 2017. Working-Class Literature(s): Historical and International Perspectives. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi .org/10.16993/bam. License: CC-BY 4.0 3. Tessing Schneider, M. & Tatlow, R. (eds.) 2018. Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito: A Reappraisal. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/ban. License: CC-BY 4.0 4. Petersson, S., Johansson, C., Holdar, M. & Callahan, S. (eds.) 2018. The Power of the In-Between: Intermediality as a Tool for Aesthetic Analysis and Critical Reflection. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993 /baq. License: CC-BY 4.0 5. Hayden, H. 2018. Modernism as Institution: On the Establishment of an Aesthetic and Historiographic Paradigm. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi .org/10.16993/bar. License: CC-BY 4.0 6. Lennon, J. and Nilsson, M. (eds.) 2020. Working-Class Literature(s): Historical and International Perspectives. Volume 2. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/bbf. License: CC-BY 4.0 7. Petersson, S. (ed.) 2021. Digital Human Sciences: New Objects—New Approaches. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/bbk. License: CC-BY 4.0 Peer Review Policies Guidelines for peer review Stockholm University Press ensures that all book publications are peer-reviewed. Each proposal submitted to the Press will be sent to a dedicated Editorial Board of experts in the subject area for evaluation. The full manuscript will be reviewed by chapter or as a whole by two external and independent experts. A complete description of Stockholm University Press’ peer- review policies can be found on the website: http://www.stockholm universitypress.se/site/peer-review-policies/ The Editorial Board of Stockholm Studies in Culture and Aesthetics applied a single-blind review during manuscript assess- ment. The Editor Sonya Petersson stepped down momentarily from her role in the Editorial Board during the review process of the book to avoid a conflict of interest. Recognition for reviewers Stockholm University Press and the Editorial Board would like to extend a special thanks to the reviewers, who contributed to the process of editing this book, for their work and time spent on reviewing the manuscript of this book. Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables ix Introduction: Digital Human Sciences as a Field of Research 1 Sonya Petersson and Uno Fors PART ONE: EPISTEMOLOGIES OF OBJECTS, METHODS, AND RESEARCH PRACTICES Not a Mirror, but an Engine: Digital Methods for Contextual Analysis of “Social Big Data” 23 Jonas Andersson Schwarz Revisiting the Human–Society–Technology Nexus: Intercultural Communication Studies as a Looking Glass for Scientific Self-Scrutiny in the Digital Human Sciences 49 Jonas Stier Teleoptical Perspectives on Digital Methods: Scientific Claims and Consequences 75 Julia Pennlert, Björn Ekström, and David Gunnarsson Lorentzen Interpreting Information Visualization 103 Karolina Uggla The Growing Pains of Digital Art History: Issues for the Study of Art Using Computational Methods 127 Amanda Wasielewski PART TWO: LEGAL AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS Elevating Legal Informatics in the Digital Age 155 Stanley Greenstein Legal AI from a Privacy Point of View: Data Protection and Transparency in Focus 181 Cecilia Magnusson Sjöberg Be Careful What You Wish For! Learning Analytics and the Emergence of Data-Driven Practices in Higher Education 203 Teresa Cerratto Pargman and Cormac McGrath PART THREE: NEW OBJECTS—NEW APPROACHES How to Approach Hard Drives as Cultural Heritage 229 Johan Jarlbrink YouTube Podcasting, the New Orality, and Diversity of Thought: Intermediality, Media History, and Communication Theory as Methodological Approaches 253 Christer Johansson Mining Art History: Bulk Converting Nonstandard PDFs to Text to Determine the Frequency of Citations and Key Terms in Humanities Articles 285 Amanda Wasielewski and Anna Dahlgren About the Authors 307 Index 313 List of Figures and Tables Figures Political clusters in the Swedish Twittersphere, election year 2014. 38 Political clusters in the Swedish Twittersphere, election year 2018. 39 A terminal command for scraping media and metadata from the Swedish Literature Bank’s Instagram account through Instagram Scraper. 81 Metadata excerpt in JSON from a single Instagram post uploaded by the Swedish Literature Bank. 83 Two conversation networks where each dot is a tweet and the con- nection between two dots represents