Appendix G: Cultural Heritage, Archaeology & Built Heritage Part 1 of 3 (Report) This page has been intentionally left blank. River Thames Scheme Capacity Improvements and Flood Channel Project Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Baseline Assessment Report Number: 062/2016 TPA Project Code: RTS By Gareth Davies, Andy Howard, Ruth Humphreys, Steve Malone, Laura Strafford, Sam Stein Trent & Peak Archaeology © Unit 1, Holly Lane Chilwell Nottingham NG9 4AB 0115 8967400 (Tel.) 0115 925 9464 (Fax.) Trent & Peak Archaeology is a trading name Registered Office A Company Limited by Guarantee of York Archaeological Trust 47 Aldwark,1 York YO1 7BX Without Share Capital A Registered Charity in England & Wales Registered in England No 1430801 (No 509060) and Scotland (No SCO42846) Client Name: GBV JV Ltd Document Title: River Thames Scheme Capacity Improvements & Flood Channel Project. Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Baseline Assessment Document Type: Final Report Issue/Version Number: v6.0 Grid Reference: TQ 01475 73767 TPA Site Code: RTS Report No. 062/2016 GBV Document No. 122368-TP-Z0-SW-ID-V-00001 QUALITY ASSURANCE Prepared by Gareth Davies, Andy Howard, Ruth Humphreys, Date 30/09/16 Steve Malone, Laura Strafford, Samantha Stein Checked by Gareth Davies, Project Manager Signed Date 17/11/2016 Approved by Howard Jones, Regional Director Signed Date 17/11/2016 Report Number 062/2016 Status Version 7.0 DISCLAIMER This Report has been prepared solely for the person/party which commissioned it and for the specifically titled project or named part thereof referred to in the Report. The Report should not be relied upon or used for any other project by the commissioning person/party without first obtaining independent verification as to its suitability for such other project, and obtaining the prior written approval of York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research Limited (“YAT”) (trading as Trent & Peak Archaeology) YAT accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this Report being relied upon or used for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was specifically commissioned. Nobody is entitled to rely upon this Report other than the person/party which commissioned it. YAT accepts no responsibility or liability for any use of or reliance upon this Report by anybody other than the commissioning person/party. 2 Trent & Peak Archaeology © Unit 1, Holly Lane Chilwell Nottingham NG9 4AB 0115 8967400 (Tel.) 0115 925 9464 (Fax.) tparchaeology.co.uk [email protected] 3 SUMMARY Trent & Peak Archaeology (TPA) has been commissioned by Galliford Try, Black & Veatch Joint Venture (GBV JV Ltd) to carry out an archaeology and cultural heritage assessment of part of the River Thames to inform the River Thames Scheme (RTS) Capacity Improvements and Flood Channel (CI & FC) Project (‘the Project’). The work is being carried out on behalf of the Environment Agency and its partners. The Project involves the construction of a flood channel (in three main sections, totalling approximately 17km in length and 30-60 metres in width) to increase flood flow capacity. The approximate locations of the three sections of the flood channel are: 1. Datchet to Wraysbury, 2. Thorpe to Chertsey, 3. Chertsey to Shepperton. In addition, downstream capacity improvements are proposed at the Desborough Cut, Sunbury Weir, Molesey Weir and Teddington Weir (Figures 1 and 2). In line with national planning policy, this report identifies the heritage assets that may be affected and provides an initial baseline assessment of the archaeological potential of the Study Area. The studies comprise: 1. Historic Environment baseline assessment (Section 5) 2. Aerial Photographic and Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) baseline assessment (Section 5) 3. Geoarchaeological baseline assessment (Section 6) 4. Map regression study (Section 7) 5. Site visits and Setting Study (Section 8) 6. Period Synthesis and Archaeological Potential (Sections 9 and 10) This report contains summary assessments of the potential importance of heritage assets, but only a preliminary consideration of receptor sensitivity and the potential impacts upon these receptors is made, with recommendations for mitigation of impacts largely omitted until the outline design has been further progressed. This report and the accompanying maps of archaeological potential and archaeological risk across the Study Area have been undertaken to establish the Cultural Heritage baseline that is required to inform the outline design, Outline Business Case (OBC) and future Environmental Impact Assessment. Trent & Peak Archaeology is a trading name Registered Office A Company Limited by Guarantee of York Archaeological Trust 47 Aldwark,4 York YO1 7BX Without Share Capital A Registered Charity in England & Wales Registered in England No 1430801 (No 509060) and Scotland (No SCO42846) River Thames Scheme Capacity Improvements and Flood Channel Project Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Baseline Assessment Table of Contents QUALITY ASSURANCE ............................................................................................................ 2 DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Site Background ....................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Site Location, Topography and Geology .................................................................. 12 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Assessment Methodology ....................................................................................... 14 3. PLANNING POLICY STATEMENTS RELATING TO ARCHAEOLOGY .......................... 17 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL AND GEOARCHAEOLOICAL SUMMARY ............ 21 4.1 Archaeological and Historical Background .............................................................. 21 4.2 Geological and Geoarchaeological Background ...................................................... 22 5. HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ASSESSMENT .................................................. 27 5.1 Known Heritage Assets within the redevelopment area ........................................... 27 5.2 Channel 1 Study Area .............................................................................................. 28 5.3 Channel 2 Study Area .............................................................................................. 33 5.4 Channel 3 Study Area .............................................................................................. 38 5.5 Desborough Cut Study Area..................................................................................... 41 5.6 Sunbury Weir Study Area ......................................................................................... 43 5.7 Molesey Weir Study Area ......................................................................................... 45 5.8 Teddington Weir ....................................................................................................... 48 6. GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ........................................................................ 52 7. MAP REGRESSION ........................................................................................................... 58 7.1 Cartographic Sources ............................................................................................... 58 7.2 Channel Section 1 .................................................................................................... 58 7.3 Channel Section 2 .................................................................................................... 61 5 7.4 Channel Section 3 .................................................................................................... 63 7.5 Desborough Cut ....................................................................................................... 64 7.6 Sunbury Weir ............................................................................................................ 65 7.7 Molesey Weir ............................................................................................................ 66 7.8 Teddington Weir ....................................................................................................... 66 8. SITE VISITS AND SETTING .............................................................................................. 68 9. PERIOD SYNTHESIS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ....................................... 73 9.1 Channel Section 1 .................................................................................................... 73 9.2 Channel Section 2 ...................................................................................................