Report on research findings for the projects: CCOS02940: Design of Standard Operating Procedures and Models on Section 6.1-6.13 Neighbourhood Watch & CCOS02941: Design of Standard Operating Procedures and Models on Section 5.1-5.3 Community Police Forums Safety and Violence Initiative and the Centre of Criminology, University of Cape Town May 2016 2 CONTRIBUTORS This report was compiled by members of the Centre of Criminology and the Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, with the assistance of staff and associate researchers. Professors Clifford Shearing and John Cartwright provided valuable comments on the report. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Centre of Criminology and the Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, were contracted by the Department of Community Safety, Western Cape Provincial Government, to undertake two projects, which commenced in March 2015: CCOS02940: Design of Standard Operating Procedures and Models on Section 6.1- 6.13 Neighbourhood Watch and CCOS02941: Design of Standard Operating Procedures and Models on Section 5.1-5.3 Community Police Forums. The research projects involved in-depth research on Neighbourhood Watches and Community Police Forums in five selected sites – BKM (Bergvliet, Kreupelbosch, Meadowridge), Khayelitsha, Lavender Hill, Paarl East, and Vredenburg (and surrounds). Two stakeholder workshops were also run in November 2015 and February 2016 to supplement and validate the research findings. This report is an amalgamation of the two projects into a single report which outlines the aims and scope of the project; a brief overview of community policing in South Africa; the research methodology employed to investigate the sites; a socio-demographic profile of each site as well as the specific research findings for each site; recommendations (Section Six of the report) with regards to (further) supporting Neighbourhood Watches and Community Police Forums so as to (better) contribute to a system of safety governance which is democratic and whole-of-society orientated. With regards to the latter the recommendations are organised around seven criteria for democratic safety governance and includes: equity, delivery of service, responsiveness, distribution of power, information, redress, and participation. The envisaged role of DOCS is also presented in these recommendations. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS ............................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2. AIM OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3. TOWARDS A WHOLE-OF-SOCIETY APPROACH ....................................................................................... 7 1.4. PURPOSE AND OUTLINE OF THIS REPORT .............................................................................................. 9 2. COMMUNITY POLICING IN SOUTH AFRICA ...................................................................... 10 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 18 3.1. NODAL GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2. DESKTOP ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3. IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS .......................................................................................................................... 20 3.4. DIRECT AND PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION .......................................................................................... 21 3.5. STAKEHOLDER GROUP DISCUSSIONS ................................................................................................... 21 4. OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITES ............................................................................... 23 4.1. BERGVLIET (BKM) .................................................................................................................................. 23 4.2. KHAYELITSHA .......................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3. LAVENDER HILL ....................................................................................................................................... 26 4.4. PAARL EAST ............................................................................................................................................. 28 4.5. VREDENBURG/SALDHANA BAY MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................. 30 5. FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH .............................................................................................. 33 5.1. BKM (BERGVLIET, KREUPELBOSCH, MEADOWRIDGE) ...................................................................... 33 5.2. KHAYELITSHA .......................................................................................................................................... 46 5.3. LAVENDER HILL ....................................................................................................................................... 60 5.4. PAARL EAST ............................................................................................................................................. 80 5.5. VREDENBURG AND SURROUNDS ........................................................................................................... 91 5.6. STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOPS ............................................................................................................... 110 5.7. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 111 6. RECOMMENDATIONS: TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC, WHOLE-OF-SOCIETY SAFETY GOVERNANCE .............................................................................................................................. 114 6.1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 114 6.2. CRITERIA FOR DEMOCRATIC SAFETY GOVERNANCE AND THEIR APPLICABILITY TO NHWS AND CPFS ................................................................................................................................................................. 120 6.3. EQUITY: NHWS AND CPFS AS DISTRIBUTED FAIRLY AND EQUITABLY .......................................... 122 6.3.1. Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 122 6.3.2. Solution ............................................................................................................................................ 124 6.3.3. Recommendation and implementation ............................................................................. 125 6.4. DELIVERY OF SERVICE: NHWS AND CPFS AS EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT .................................... 126 6.4.1. Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 126 6.4.2. Solution ............................................................................................................................................ 128 6.4.3. Recommendation and implementation ............................................................................. 134 6.5. NHWS AND CPFS AS RESPONSIVE ....................................................................................................... 138 6.5.1. Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 138 6.5.2. Solution ............................................................................................................................................ 138 6.5.3. Recommendation and implementation ............................................................................. 139 6.6. DISTRIBUTION OF POWER ................................................................................................................... 139 6.6.1. Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 139 6.6.2. Solution ............................................................................................................................................ 140 4 6.6.3. Recommendation and implementation ............................................................................. 142 6.7. INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................................... 143 6.7.1. Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 143 6.7.2. Solution ...........................................................................................................................................