SHIROLE VASTI INDEX CONTRIBUTORS 4 Preface 6 Acknowledgements Fieldwork in Pune, India – Fall 2017 8 Introduction AAR4525 - Urban Action Planning 14 Methods and data Department of Architecture and Planning Situation analysis Faculty of Architecture and Design 20 History Student group 1: Abbas Saad, Danússia Baracho Teixeira, Issifu Salifu and Marie Langsholt Holmqvist 22 Physical infrastructure Student group 2: Rachael Letscher, Krishnan Kavungal Anat and Idunn Dagestad 30 Social organization Translators: Shaily Patil 38 Political organization 46 Economy 54 SRS-scheme and future development 64 Action proposal group 1 84 Action proposal group 2 102 Conclusions and reflections 108 References 2 3 report. In their project work, students practiced what we call the “Urban Ecological Planning” approach, which focuses on integrated area-based (as opposed to se- ctorial) situation analysis and proposal making using participatory and strategic planning methods. By PREFACE spending one month in the assigned areas and enga- ging with local communities as well as relevant stake- holders, students gained an in-depth understanding of the local context, which allowed them to discover This report is the outcome of a one semester field- as experts in communication, business and sustaina- strengths and weaknesses and identify opportunities work in Pune and New Delhi (India), conducted by bility. They come from Belarus, Brazil, China, Gha- and challenges in each of the areas, something that students at the Faculty of Architecture and Design na, India, Indonesia, Lebanon, Mexico, Nepal, Nor- would be impossible to achieve by applying more at the Norwegian University of Science and Techn- way and the USA. traditional technocratic and purely quantitative plan- ology (NTNU) in collaboration with the School of ning methods. Planning and Architecture (SPA) New Delhi. The The semester started with an intensive two-week pe- fieldwork was part of a research project “Smart riod with introductory lectures and preparatory acti- A particular focus of this fieldwork was on issues Sustainable City Regions in India” (SSCRI) financed vities at the NTNU premises in Trondheim, Norway. related to land, housing, water, sanitation and live- by the Norwegian Centre for International Coopera- After arriving in Pune, NTNU students joined the lihoods. Students were also tasked to put their areas tion in Education (SIU). The one-semester fieldwork SPA New Delhi students from the Regional Planning and proposals in the perspective of the Smart Citi- is an integral part of the 2-year International Mas- and Environmental Planning Master programs to in- es Mission, which is the largest urban development ter of Science Program in Urban Ecological Plan- vestigate planning issues at the regional, metropoli- fund and initiative currently implemented by the Go- ning (UEP) at NTNU established in 1997. Similar tan and city scales. After the joint NTNU-SPA field vernment of India. fieldtrips have been undertaken previously in Nepal, research, NTNU students have been divided into six Uganda and India. smaller groups and were given the task to focus their Students prepared a total of three situational analysis further investigation on three different settlements reports with proposals – one for each of the studied Students participating in the UEP fieldworks have in central Pune: one being a notified slum known as area. This report sums up the work of two groups always been very diverse in terms of their nationa- Shirole Vasti and two being old-city residential and working in Shirole Vasti. lities and professional backgrounds. This group is marketplace areas: Kasba Peth and Raviwar Peth. In no exception; among the 22 participants of the 2017 all three settlements, interesting dynamics of forma- Marcin Sliwa, Hilde Refstie and Rolee Aranya fieldwork are architects, urban planners, engineers, lizing-informal and informalizing-formal can be ob- Fieldwork Supervisors, NTNU, Department of Ar- geographers, environmentalists, psychologists as well served. This theme will be further elaborated in the chitecture and Planning 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people and organizations who con- We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Sharad tributed to this work and we would like to express Mahajan from the Maharashtra Social Housing and our immense appreciation for their support. First Action League (MASHAL), Arch. Jui Tawade and and foremost, we would like to thank the Norwegian Arch. Sharvey Dhongde from the Indian National Centre for International Cooperation in Education Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) Pune (SIU) for providing financial support for this project. Chapter, as well as Dr. Meera Bapat and Arch. Pra- sanna Desai for sharing with us their local expertise We are particularly thankful for the assistance given and relevant information. by the faculty at the School of Planning and Archi- tecture (SPA) New Delhi: Prof. N. Sridharan, Ass. We would also like to thank the The Society for the Prof. Arunava Dasgupta, Prof. Vinita Yadav and Promotion of Area Resource Centers (Sparc) for Prof. Meenakshi Dhote; as well as the students from sharing their knowledge, and Omkar Associates Ar- the Urban Design, Regional Planning and Environ- chitects for meeting with us and showing us their pre- mental Planning Master’s programs. We would like vious projects. Furthermore, we would like to thank to give our special thanks to Prof. Pratap Rawal from Shaily Patil, our translator from COEP, who helped the Dept. of Town Planning at the College of En- us get in touch with the people in the settlement. last gineering, Pune (COEP) for his hospitality, logistic but not least, we would like to show special gratitude support, and in-depth knowledge in the field. Our to the residents of Shirole Vasti for their hospitality field investigation would not be possible without the and their contribution to our project, and for their assistance in translation by the COEP students invol- engagement in the community meeting. We are im- ved in the project. mensly grateful to all tbe recidents for welcoming us into their homes and neighbourhood. 6 7 and country to country. It is dependent on the level LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS of development, willingness to accept change and re- ASR – Annual Statement of Rates form, the available resources, and desires of the city’s BSUP – Basic Services to the Urban Poor residents (smartcities.gov, What is Smart City). Pune’s FSI – Floor Space Index Smart City initiatives range from public transportati- MASHAL – Maharashtra Social Housing on system upgrades, improving social infrastructure, INTRODUCTION and preparing for future population growth. As per and Action League the Smart City Mission in India, a smart city should MHADA – Maharashtra Housing and Area enable local area development by harnessing techno- Development Authority logy, and more importantly, providing core infrastru- NSDF – National Slum Dwellers Federation PUNE OVERVIEW 2003). Because of its educational reputation, Pune is ctural elements which include: PMC – Pune Municipal Corporation Pune is a city located in the Indian state of Maha- considered the leading engineering city in the coun- PPP – Public private partnership rashtra, approximately 200 kilometres east of Mum- try. The city also serves as the headquarters of the 1. Adequate water supply SDI – Slum Dwellers International bai. The city is a major industrial hub with a popula- Southern Command of the Indian Army. Hinduism 2. Assured electricity supply SPARC – Society for the Promotion of Area tion of approximately 3.1 million and a total area of is the dominant religion in Pune, but other religions 3. Sanitation, including solid waste management 729 square kilometres (Sen and Hobson, 2003). Pune in the city include: Muslims, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, 4. Efficient urban mobility and public transport Resource Centers is India’s seventh most populous city, and second lar- and Christians (Sen and Hobson, 2003). 5. Affordable housing, especially for the poor SRA – Slum Rehabilitation Authority gest in the state of Maharashtra. 6. Robust IT connectivity and digitalization TDR – Transferable Development Rights 7. Good governance, especially e-Governance and Pune’s proximity to Mumbai allows for great econo- PUNE AND THE SMART CITY MISSION citizen participation, mic benefits. Industrial development in Pune began The Smart City Mission in India was launched in 8. Sustainable environment in the 1950s, leading to the Pune metropolitan area 2015 under the Ministry of Urban Development by 9. Safety and security of citizens particularly wo- to be known for its manufacturing and automobile Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is designed as an men, children and the elderly industries (Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Mer- urban renewal and retrofitting program to develop 10. Health and education cedes Benz, Force Motors, General Motors, Land 100 cities as model areas for sustainability and re- (smartcities.gov, What is Smart City) Rover, and others have manufacturing plants in the sident friendly design. The Smart City Mission is a Pune area). In 2000, Pune became the Indian city with program funded by the central government between the most IT professionals (Joshi et. Al., 2002). Pune the years 2017-2022. Every state nominates at least is considered to be the cultural capital of Maharash- one city for the challenge, and Pune is one of 8 ci- tra, and is commonly known as the ”Oxford of the ties in Maharashtra to be nominated as a Smart City East” because of the presence of several well-known (smartcities.gov, Smart Cities Mission). educational institutions in the city (Sen and Hobson, The concept of a smart city varies from city to city Map 1 Pune in the Indian state of Maharashtra 8 9 Table 1 Graph 1 SLUMS AND SETTLEMENTS SITUATION IN PUNE the latest socio-economic data about slums in Pune. The total population, slum population and the percentage og the city’s popu- The annual growthrate of the total population and the slum The economic and educational successes have led to Declared slums have been receiving basic infrastru- lutaion living in slums from 1951 to 2009.