7777177-7.. .1) 019.931:. thysical, Education 'and ',Athletic84..Str.ategies fbr .,110iPting. Tit 1:e..IX'..Requirements...1.onforence , Proceed4igs...'anc/C0 ,titban 'Divertity .Seri0., ..NuMber 66, August. 1979:. .-- .'%#,A, 1N4T toTiON ColuMbia Uniit ,' New-York:0. N. Y. NIIC Clear 4enghouse.'on the Orban:.DisadvattagEd.,:.1-Col.umbia UniV., New' N.Y. Sex DesegregatiOn AsSistance .CenteSt, 1 : . ONS AGENCY National. Inst.. of 'Education, (DHEW), Wa.shIngton, D4C,; Office. of EdUcatiOn. (MIER., Washington; p4C. :.. OS .DATt... Aug-I-9' .. st" ..\ i8.... ONTRACT.. 1100.,-77,-,00,71 . ,.. ;NOTE:1 15p. ,,,i AVAI ihttLE FROMIntti.tute. for . Ur ba.n. and,MinOrity4Educitio.n, ,Box 40,, Tec4ers_college, .C.olum04.4 ariiv4rsity, NowYork,NeV.. York 10027.($5.00).. ... * . .. .. EDES 'PR.TcE... MFOI/PC01,40los' Postage. ., . DOCRIPTOES Athletics:: Elementary. SeCondary -Oucation; *Equal EducAtioi: strede'raVlegislatkon;..*Femiles:. *Physica_. .. .E.4-fication; Sex (Characterisi4ici);. Sex Inerences; . *Sex' Discrimination f'" 1DENTIFIE4-S *Title IX EdicatiOn Amendments 1972' 'ABSTRACT . The paperithis collection explore..the implicatl.ons of Title IX i (arms of,Oducational equity, analyze 'sex-related differences between -males and females., and outline sstratelies for eq,uality in physical edudation and ithletics.-Marjoriesome Blaufarb discusses.the physical and psYchological ine.guities that exist in -the traditional .approach, to physical'educlaticz which provides for separate .progratms 'for boys and girls., Borotby .Harris reviews. the state of research on physiological, sex differences and, emphirsizes ,the 'fact that observed- dif aliences are mediated by _apical. fitness 14vels rathethan by sex. ,k;*---Aiete 1-1449-T-43-Xert4nes the ala reguipiients of Title IX requlations lor physical education .and .athleticS and suggesti ways for- develdping suppertive Measures necessary to make com,pliance meaningf ul. Het paper bolds thatan understanding;of the .lePgal'aspe,cts of Title,IX and well desigted .strategies for Atli implementatfon may *help., us to reevaluate current practLoos, and to asdertian obotbex they cOntribUte, to' the . pierpetuatiolit of sex discrimination,. (Authoi/EB) ta 4**iil****** *****4**********46014*;k**4!*t******** 440/914 ** 00,0* **.************ Iii)productioils-at4p34iid. by Ebtlaril the be:fit 'pat Cau..be. .inatde * .ft ram, the:00..0041' dpunient. *. totios9o430,1t.***tfiliii:46,1,119144* livoeis.o*,,titoosisvisi******:**!og***,0,04104***-"***;044400***144.**.* i If CZ) 4 ERIC/CUE IiRliAN DIVERSITYSER:IES -Num* 66, August 1979 ' PHYSICALEDUCATION AND AtHLETIC° Stratpgies forMeeting TitleIRequirements Proceedingsof a Conference SiOnsored ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban education. and Sek DeAregatiooAssistance Center of ttic ' Institute for Urban and MinoriiyaEducation Teachtrs Collegg.,Columbia_University- . ERIC Publishe0 by . CLEARINGHOUSE ON URBAN EDUCATION and -SEX filESEGREGATION ASSISTANCECENTER Institute for Urban rind MinorityEducatioti Teachers Ct liege, Columbia Uhiversiiy s New Yrk, New York10027. *. US 0E,PAFITMENTOr HEALY0, SOUCAtIO*4 $W4LPARIS ,WATIONAL INSYITUYE Or OpucAtION (CO !HIS 00CUMENT HAS DEEN REPRO. 4 twa() EXACTLY 45 ItECEIVE0 PUOM tHtt OE ItSON OU 0140ANIZAII0N Afitvt. It POINts Or virw bk ttOttfotyNt j STATEO 00 NOt.tokESSAOILvi Agog+. iCNY or r *M. RATIONAL I14St*t u IC Ot 't EqUcAtION POSIIION Off POLICY A e . This pjibllction Kone in the ER1C/CUE Urban, Diversity Series yr&luced in. the ERIC Cledtighpuse on Urban Education under Contract 400-77-0071 between the NaL, timid Institute of,, Education (DHEW) and Teachers Col- ', lege, Columbia University, Additional copies will be available froM: ERIC Document Reproduction Service .0 Box,190 Arlington, Virginia 22210 ft Ifs el) identification n bp and full ordering instructions will be found in Resources in Education, tile znonthly ERIC abstrac journal., or .can be obtained by contacting ERIC/CUE. Copies are also available frpm the Institifte for Urban and% Mindrity Education, Box 40, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New tbrk 10027, for $5.00 each, . The.inaterial in this publication was prepared pursuant to contcactsAith the U.$. Office Of ,Education and the Na: tiondInstitute, of Education, 1.11S.. Department of Heajth, Education and Welfare. Contractors undertaking such piojects under Overtunent sponsorship are encouraged to expressfreely their judgment inprofessional matters. PrfOr -- to publicatQ, the Manusccipt was 'Submitted tothe Human DiversitY TaSk Foice of the Institute for Urban pnd Minority Education, New York, New York, for critical review and deterMination of professional corn-, petence, This publication has met sktch standards. Points' .; of view or opinions, however, do wt neeessarilY represent the officidl view or opinions Of theltlunw%Diversity Task lkirce, the Office of Edtication, or the Niiifonal Institute of Education. - hik ,.. c ,( , ^ ^ . , Introduction: The .folldwing ilapers are the .products Ø a egnfetInce eduoationis anintegral part oftotal education it IS her on- tin Title IX and physical education sponsored by the ERIC tention thalphysical educatien programs must Dt desi ned , Clearinghouse on Urban Educa(lon and the Sex Desegre:- SQ that both 'sexes will have equal access: I gation Assistance Center, Institute for Urban and Minority Perhaps the -ipost quoted eNplanations and arguments Fducatiod, Teachers College,,ColiiMbia Univerkity M June offered to explain .segregated pttysical education iand 1979. The conference Was designid to asSist education per- athletic prograMs have been those which have 'claimed khat sonnel in identifying and ,recognizing, the problems and biological differences between thp sexes make such separa- issues inherent in the implementation of Title IX in tions' necessary, Female fragility, biological and physical physicaleducation andathletics. :Three themes are 'differences in strengComenstrual taboos, superior .male characterized in the papers: 1) an exploration of the im- motor perfOrmaftce-are spme Of the explanations which ,plications of Title IX as a question.of edueational equity, have been used to support separate, physical edUcation and 2) an analysis of self-related differences between Males and athletic programs. Dorothy Harris, Dirvof. of the Center females,. 3) some innovative strategieSfor,: equality in .. for Wometrand 15orts, Pennsylvania State University, physiCal education and athlejics. University Park, Pa., reviews-the:state of the reSearch on Although the regulations for achieving sex equity in physiological sex differences.. A 'resounding theme in her.. physical education constitute only a brief porlion of,the Ti- paper is the fact that observed differences are mediated by tle IX,..Education Amendments of 1972 (followed by the physical fitness levels rather' than by sex. "Females re: implementing regulations.:in 1975), it is this particulariec, , spond to training and conditioning in the same way as. don thathas-attracted moss public attention and has ledlo mhles.. It appears that whileMales and females do differ in '. the'greatest iesistance in the dducationat community. Title many respects in terms of their response to vigorous exer- i IX provides that A cise, there are,mdre differences-within a sex than between . .. No person : .shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded the sexes." A from participation ill, be denied the benefit's,.or.b,e sub- A. Mae:Diner, chief of the N.Y. State Board of Eduea- jeeted to discriMination under any ethicafon programs tion Division of Physical Education, Albany, N.Y.., ex- . or activity receiving Federal financial aSsIstance. amines.- the requihments of the l'itle .1X regulation. kir Prior to1972, most .secogidary and post-secondarS; physical education and athletics and suggests avenues. for chool physical education prdgrams were segregated by. Aeveloping 'Supportive measures .necessary .to make' cOm7. sex. Although most elementary .school sports, have been riliance.meaningful. Her paper is:based on the premise that co-ed for years, there has ,generally been a tWo-prOgram . an understanding of the legal aspects' of TitleIX and Well apProach to physical education in higher education. Mae.' desighed strategies for implementation of Title IX rnaY .10% jorieBlaufarb,Directorof PuhlicAffairsforthe used as vehicles toy-evaluate the curr' nt practiCes cif thele.____ AmericanAlliance......for__Health,......PhysicalEducation,-------prOfrains and \ to ascEtain WheTher . hese -praCtices con- I 'Recreation and Dance, Washington, D.C., exaniines the tribute oveMy 'or covertliy to the perp tuation of discrimi- physical and psychological inequities that this aual pro- natiOn on the basis of sot. 1 . t kraM 'created. In her judgment, the issubs of Title IX and The overWhelming positive reaction' expressed by the physical education ar'e basic issues of equality of 'op- participants to the ideas and views of he speakers sug-. ,portunity, ensuring that all studentS, no matter what their gested the need forfurther disseminatioof the informa- :physical, emotional, psychological, or genetie piakeup, tion as a means of providing a lucid and candid base' for will hay opportunities to become competent in4physical,Title IX implementation as' it relates to. ph: sical education . , activit he'believes that the "separate but equal" cow .and athletics.' . , cept ysical education and athletics Produces the same JEROME WRIGHT,T ache s Collega resul s those found in race segregation. Because physical Conference Coordinator. , 4%.