B.Com 1st Sem. Subject- Introduction to Computer Fundamental and PC Software SYLLABUS Class – B.Com. I Sem. Subject – Introduction to Computer Fundamental and PC Software UNIT – I Introduction of Computer and Operating System: Define computer, evolution of the computer, importance of computers, van new man model of computer, black diagram of computer, generation of computer, evolution of an operating system, define operating system, objective and function of an operating system, the operating system as a resource manager, types of an operating system. Differentiate DOS, windows and Linux/Unix, Internal and External DOS commands, file structure of DOS. UNIT – II Introduction to Windows XP : windows XP features, windows desktop setting, managing window explorer windows XP: Using taskbar, start menu options, accounts in windows XP, win-xp, windows accessories: calculator, note pad, word pad, paint, entertainment, address book. UNIT – III Control Panel : Installation of software, addition of new hardware, installation of modem, sound card, printers and scanner, date and time, taskbar and start menu, windows explorer: creating a new folders and other explorer facilities, changing the look and feel of windows (Desktop, wallpaper, screen saver etc.) UNIT – IV MS Word – Define word processor, types of word processor, creating document in word, formatting features of MS word, word standard toolbar, text formatting, header and footer, auto text, document security feature, table handling features, insertion of files and pictures mail merge and macros. UNIT – V Presentation using MS-PowerPoint: Presentations, creating, manipulating enchaning slides, organizational charts, excel charts, word art, layering art objects, Animations and sounds, inserting animated pictures or accessing through object, inserting recorded sound effect or inbuilt sound effect. 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore (M.P.) Ph.: 4262100, www.rccmindore.com 1 B.Com 1st Sem. Subject- Introduction to Computer Fundamental and PC Software UNIT-I Introduction A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and browse the Web. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Computer was developed by CHARLES BABBAGE. He is also known as Father of computers. All types of computers consist of two basic parts: Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure (Tangible), such as the computer monitor or keyboard. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors such as Microsoft Word. INPUT Processing Unit Output Unit Memory Organization of a Computer Computer can also be defined in terms of functions it can perform. A computer can i) Accept data, ii) Store data, iii) Process data as desired, iv) Retrieve the stored data as and when required and v) Print the result in desired format. Characteristics of computer:- Speed Diligence No Feeling Accuracy Versatility Storage Power of No IQ Remembering Block diagram of Computer:- 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore (M.P.) Ph.: 4262100, www.rccmindore.com 2 B.Com 1st Sem. Subject- Introduction to Computer Fundamental and PC Software 1. Input: this is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system. 2. Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, processing and storage is performed under the supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'. It decides when to start receiving data, when to stop it, where to store data, etc. It takes care of step -by-step processing of all operations inside the computer. 3. Memory Unit: Computer is used to store data and instructions. 4. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. 5. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit (CPU). You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system. Evolution of the Computer : The first counting device was the abacus, originally from Asia. • 1600s : John Napier discovers logarithms. • 1642 : Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invents the first mechanical digital calculator using gears, called the Pascaline. • 1804 : Joseph Marie Jacquard used punch cards to automate a weaving loom. • 1812 : Charles P. Babbage, the "father of the computer", discovered that many long calculations involved many similar, repeated operations. Therefore, he designed a machine, the difference engine which would be steam-powered, fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program. In 1833, Babbage quit working on this machine to concentrate on the analytical engine. • 1840s: Augusta Ada. "The first programmer" suggested that a binary system should be used for storage rather than a decimal system. • 1906 : The vacuum tube is invented by American physicist Lee De Forest. • 1939 : Dr. John V. Atanasoff and his assistant Clifford Berry build the first electronic digital computer. Their machine, the Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC) provided the foundation for the advances in electronic digital computers. • 1945 : Dr. John von Neumann presented a paper outlining the stored-program concept. • 1947 : The giant ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) machine was developped by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, Jr. at the University of Pennsylvania. It used 18, 000 vacuums, punch-card input, weighed thirty tons and occupied a thirty-by-fifty-foot space. • 1949 : Maurice V. Wilkes built the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), the first stored-program computer. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), the second stored-program computer was built by Mauchly, Eckert, and von Neumann. • 1950 : Turing built the ACE, considered by some to be the first programmable digital computer. Basic application of Computer Word Processing Banks Internet Travel Digital video or audio composition Telecommunications Desktop publishing Defense Computers in Medicine E-Learning Mathematical Calculations Business The Von Neumann Computer Model Von Neumann is scientist which gave basic model of computer. Components of the Von Neumann Model 1. Memory: Storage of information (data/program) 2. Processing Unit: Computation/Processing of Information 3. Input: Means of getting information into the computer. e.g. keyboard, mouse 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore (M.P.) Ph.: 4262100, www.rccmindore.com 3 B.Com 1st Sem. Subject- Introduction to Computer Fundamental and PC Software 4. Output: Means of getting information out of the computer. e.g. printer, monitor 5. Control Unit: Makes sure that all the other parts perform their tasks correctly and at the correct time. The Von Neumann Machine: Generations of Computer First Generation The main features of First Generation are: Vacuum tube technology Slow Input/Output device Unreliable Huge size Supported Machine language only Need of A.C. Very costly Non-portable Generate lot of heat Consumed lot of electricity Some computers of this generation were: ENIAC IBM-701 EDVAC IBM-650 UNIVAC Second Generation The main features of Second Generation are: Use of transistors Reliable as compared to First generation computers Smaller size as compared to First generation computers Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers Faster than first generation computers Still very costly A.C. needed Support machine and assembly languages Some computers of this generation were: IBM 1620 IBM 7094 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore (M.P.) Ph.: 4262100, www.rccmindore.com 4 B.Com 1st Sem. Subject- Introduction to Computer Fundamental and PC Software CDC 1604 UNIVAC 1108 CDC 3600 Third Generation The main features of Third Generation are: IC used Lesser maintenance More reliable Still costly Smaller size A.C. needed Generate less heat Consumed lesser electricity Faster Support high-level language Some computers of this generation were: IBM-360 series IBM-370/168 Honeywell-6000 series TDC-316 PDP(Personal Data Processor) Fourth Generation The main features of Fourth Generation are: VLSI technology used No A.C. needed Very cheap Concept of internet was introduced Portable and reliable Great developments in the fields of Use of PC's networks Very small size Computers became easily available Pipeline processing Some computers of this generation were: DEC 10 CRAY-1 (Super Computer) STAR 1000 CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer) PDP 11 Fifth Generation The main features of Fifth Generation are: ULSI technology Development of true artificial intelligence Development of Natural language processing Advancement in Parallel Processing Advancement in Superconductor