cover page as mentioned below: below: mentioned Youas arepage instructedcover the to updateupdate to the coverinstructed pageare asYou mentioned below: Increase the font size of the Course Name. Name. 1. IncreaseCourse the theof fontsize sizefont ofthe the CourseIncrease 1. Name. use the following as a header in the Cover Page. Page. Cover 2. the usein the followingheader a as as a headerfollowing the inuse the 2. Cover Page. ALAGAPPAUNIVERSITY UNIVERSITYALAGAPPA [Accredited with ’A+’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle Cycle Third the in (CGPA:3.64) [AccreditedNAAC by withGrade ’A+’’A+’ Gradewith by NAAC[Accredited (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle and Graded as Category–I University by MHRD-UGC] MHRD-UGC] by University and Category–I Graded as as Graded Category–I and University by MHRD-UGC] M.A. [Journalism and Mass Communication] 003 630 – KARAIKUDIKARAIKUDI – 630 003 309 23 EDUCATION DIRECTORATEDISTANCE OF OF DISTANCEDIRECTORATE EDUCATION AUDIO PRODUCTION II - Semester AUDIO PRODUCTION AUDIO M.A. [Journalism and Mass Communication] 309 23 cover page as mentioned below: below: mentioned Youas arepage instructedcover the to updateupdate to the coverinstructed pageare asYou mentioned below: Increase the font size of the Course Name. Name. 1. IncreaseCourse the theof fontsize sizefont ofthe the CourseIncrease 1. Name. use the following as a header in the Cover Page. Page. Cover 2. the usein the followingheader a as as a headerfollowing the inuse the2. Cover Page. M.A. [Journalism and Mass Communication] ALAGAPPAUNIVERSITY UNIVERSITYALAGAPPA [Accredited with ’A+’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle Cycle Third the in (CGPA:3.64) [AccreditedNAAC by withGrade ’A+’’A+’ Gradewith by NAAC[Accredited (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle and Graded as Category–I University by MHRD-UGC] MHRD-UGC] by University and Category–I Graded as as Graded Category–I and University by MHRD-UGC] KARAIKUDI – 630 003 003 630 – KARAIKUDIKARAIKUDI – 630 003 AUDIO PRODUCTION EDUCATION DIRECTORATEDISTANCE OF OF DISTANCEDIRECTORATE EDUCATION II - Semester ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY [Accredited with ‘A+’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle and Graded as Category–I University by MHRD-UGC] (A State University Established by the Government of Tamil Nadu) KARAIKUDI – 630 003 Directorate of Distance Education M.A. [Journalism and Mass Communication] II - Semester 309 23 AUDIO PRODUCTION Authors Ravindra Dubey, Former Dean, Kasturi Ram College of Higher Education, Narela, Delhi Units (1.2, 1.3, 1.5.2, 2.2.2, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 3.0, 3.2, 6.4, 10) Dr Apoorva Buttan, Assistant Professor, Amity School of Communication, Amity University, India Units (1.4, 1.6, 2.2.3, 4, 5, 6.2-6.3, 7, 8, 9, 11.3, 12, 14.2.1, 14.3-14.3.2, 14.3.5) Paulomi M Jindal, Freelance Author Units (1.5-1.5.1, 2.3-2.3.1, 11.2, 13.2-13.3, 14.2, 14.4) Vikas® Publishing House, Units (1.0-1.1, 1.5.3, 1.7-1.11, 2.0-2.1, 2.2-2.2.1, 2.4-2.8, 3.1, 3.3-3.9, 6.0-6.1, 6.5-6.9, 11.0-11.1, 11.4-11.8, 13.0-13.1, 13.4-13.8, 14.0-14.1, 14.3.3-14.3.4, 14.3.6, 14.5-14.9) "The copyright shall be vested with Alagappa University" All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Alagappa University, Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: 7361, Ravindra Mansion, Ram Nagar, New Delhi 110 055 Website: www.vikaspublishing.com Email: [email protected] Work Order No. AU/DDE/DE1-291/Preparation and Printing of Course Materials/2018 Dated 19.11.2018 Copies - 500 SYLLABI-BOOK MAPPING TABLE Audio Production Syllabi Mapping in Book BLOCK I: RADIO AND ITS VARIOUS PROGRAMMES Unit 1: History of Radio - Developments and Advances in Radio Unit 1: History, Basics and Journalism and techniques since inception – Radio in today’s Media Future of Radio Scenario; Future of Radio. Introduction to acoustics; different kinds of (Pages 1-40); studios vis-à-vis programme formats; varieties of Microphones; the Unit 2: Recording and broadcast chain; Transmission System Unit 2: Recording & Transmission systems; Modulation(Am & FM) (Pages 41-57); Antennas, Receivers Amplifiers, High Fidelity systems; Multi-track Unit 3: Radio Formats: Writing and recording technique; Stereo; Recording & Editing Consoles. Production Skills Unit 3: Radio Formats- Writing & Production skills vis-avis Diverse (Pages 58-79); Formats; The spoken word/ Interviews/Discussions /Symposia – Radio Unit 4: Special Audience plays / Radio Features & Documentaries/Music on Radio, Programmes on Radio Unit 4: Special Audience programmes on Radio- Programmes on Radio- (Pages 80-88) Programme for Children, Women, Youth Senior citizens, Rural Folk, Industrial workers, Defense personnel. BLOCK II: NEWS WRITING AND ITS PRINCIPLES Unit 5: News Writing and Presentation- Principals of News writing in a Unit 5: News Writing and public service broadcasting organization, as contrasted with News in Presentation private Radio (Pages 89-94); Unit 6: Principals of News presentation; News features; Professionals and Unit 6: Principles of News Freelance stringers reporting for Radio; Disaster coverage News Bulletins. Presentation Unit 7: Production Management- Economic Production Management; (Pages 95-109); Principles of Production Planning and Course of Production; Pre- Unit 7: Production Management at production, Production and Post-production; Management of personnel Radio Stations Financial and Technical resources; (Pages 110-119); Unit 8: Budgetary planning and control-Direct and Indirect costs; Human Unit 8: Budgetary Planning And resource Development; fixed variable factors in planning subject- Control research; conducive production conditions. (Pages 120-127) BLOCK III: Development of Radio and Recording Software Unit 9: Introduction, Innovative Developments in Radio Communication, Unit 9: Innovative Developments and Information Service Programmes on Radio Information Service Unit 10: Introduction, Community Radio; Local Radio; Campus Radio; (Pages 128-134); Private FM Radio Stations. Unit 10: Different Types of Unit 11: Introduction, Application of Sound in Studio formats Services of Radio Introduction to various Recording Softwares in the industry. (Pages 135-148); Unit 11: Aspects of Sound and Recording (Pages 149-163) BLOCK IV: SOUND RECORDING AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Unit 12: Introduction, Application of Sound recording in Radio Stations. Unit 12: Basics of Sound Recording Unit 13: Sound spectrum and frequencies, History of recording and in Radio Stations formats (Pages 164-174); Unit 14: Digital technology and advancements - Creating files and Unit 13: Sound Spectrum and naming them – Recording – Using EQ, DYNMS, SFX, and Reverb – Recording Source Selection – Cleaning and Editing - Elements of music recording - (Pages 175-194); Mixing Pre and Post Mastering Unit 14: Basics of Digital Recording and Editing (Pages 195-238) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BLOCK I: RADIO AND ITS VARIOUS PROGRAMMES UNIT 1 HISTORY, BASICS AND FUTURE OF RADIO 1-40 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 History of Radio 1.3 Developments and Advances in Radio Journalism in India 1.3.1 Development of Technology in Radio 1.4 Radio in Today’s Media Scenario and Future of Radio 1.5 Basics of Sound Recording 1.5.1 Introduction to Acoustics 1.5.2 Varieties of Microphones 1.5.3 The Broadcast Chain 1.6 Different kinds of studios vis-à-vis programme formats 1.7 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 1.8 Summary 1.9 Key Words 1.10 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 1.11 Further Readings UNIT 2 RECORDING AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 41-57 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Objectives 2.2 Basics of Transmission Systems 2.2.1 Transmitters, Antennas, Receivers and Amplifiers 2.2.2 Microphones and Antennas in Radio production 2.2.3 Modulation: AM and FM 2.3 Recording Techniques and Editing Consoles 2.3.1 High Fidelity, Stereo and Multi-track Recording Techniques 2.3.2 Creating the Stereo Effect 2.3.3 Audio Control Devices: Boards, Consoles and Mixers 2.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 2.5 Summary 2.6 Key Words 2.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 2.8 Further Readings UNIT 3 RADIO FORMATS: WRITING AND PRODUCTION SKILLS 58-79 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Formats of Radio Programmes 3.3 Writing Skills for Radio Formats 3.4 Radio Production Process and Techniques 3.5 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 3.6 Summary 3.7 Key Words 3.8 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 3.9 Further Readings UNIT 4 SPECIAL AUDIENCE PROGRAMMES ON RADIO 80-88 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Objectives 4.2 Different Radio Programmes for Specific Audiences 4.2.1 Programmes for Children 4.2.2 Programmes For Women 4.2.3 Programme for Youth 4.2.4 Programmes