Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 1 of 56 Docket No. 18-16547 In the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit KEVIN COOPER, et al., Plaintiff - Appellees v. EDMUND G. BROWN, et al., Defendants - Appellees ________________________________________________________________ Appeal from Denial of Motion to Intervene by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, No. 06-cv-0219 – Honorable Richard G. Seeborg BRIEF OF APPELLANTS – PROPOSED INTERVENORS MICHAEL A. RAMOS MICHAEL A. HESTRIN STEPHEN M. District Attorney District Attorney WAGSTAFFE Robert P. Brown Ivy B. Fitzpatrick District Attorney Chief Deputy Managing Deputy COUNTY OF District Attorney District Attorney SAN MATEO James R. Secord COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE 400 County Center Deputy 3960 Orange Street 3rd Floor District Attorney Riverside, CA 92501 Redwood City, CA COUNTY OF (951) 955-5555 94063 SAN BERNARDINO FAX (951) 955-7640 (650) 363-4636 303 West Third Street 5th Floor Attorneys for Appellants San Bernardino, CA 92415 District Attorneys’ Offices (909) 382-7755 of San Bernardino, Riverside FAX (909) 748-1376 and San Mateo Counties Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 2 of 56 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................ iii I. STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION ........................................................... 1 II. ISSUES PRESENTED .................................................................................. 3 III. REVIEWABILITY AND STANDARD OF REVIEW .............................. 3 IV. STATEMENT OF THE CASE .................................................................... 4 A. Background of the Criminal Cases .................................................... 5 1. Albert Greenwood Brown ........................................................ 5 2. Kevin Cooper ............................................................................. 7 3. Ronald Lee Deere ...................................................................... 9 4. Robert Green Fairbank, Jr. ................................................... 12 5. Anthony John Sully ................................................................. 14 B. History of This Case .......................................................................... 17 V. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT................................................................... 24 VI. ARGUMENT ................................................................................................ 26 A. Intervention by Right ........................................................................ 26 1. Timeliness ................................................................................ 27 2. Protectable Interest and Impairment ................................... 31 3. Representation ......................................................................... 35 i Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 3 of 56 B. Permissive Intervention .................................................................... 40 VII. CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY OF REQUESTED RELIEF ............ 42 VIII. CERTIFCATE OF COMPLIANCE .......................................................... 43 IX. STATEMENT OF RELATED CASES ..................................................... 44 ii Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 4 of 56 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Federal Authorities Cases United States Supreme Court Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35 (2008) ........................................................ 17, 19, 37 – 38 California v. Brown, 479 U.S. 538 (1987) ................................................................ 6 Florida v. Nixon, 543 U.S. 175 (2004) .................................................................... 38 Glossip v. Gross, 576 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 2726 (2015) .............................. 21, 37 – 38 Gomez v. United States District Court for the Northern District of California, 503 U.S. 653 (1992) ........................................................................................................ 33 Hill v. McDonough, 547 U.S. 573 (2006) ................................................................ 34 National Association of Colored People v. New York, 413 U.S. 345 (1973) .......... 27 Nelson v. Campbell, 541 U.S. 637 (2004) ............................................................... 33 Phyle v. Duffy, 334 U.S. 431 (1948) ........................................................................ 39 Securities and Exchange Commission v. United States Realty & Improvement Co., 310 U.S. 434 (1940) ................................................................................................. 41 Trbovich v. United Mine Workers, 404 U.S. 528 (1972) ......................................... 35 Denials of Certiorari Brown v. California, 513 U.S. 845 (1994) ................................................................ 6 iii Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 5 of 56 Brown v. Ayers, 555 U.S. 837 (2008) ....................................................................... 7 Cooper v. Ayers, 558 U.S. 1049 (2009) .................................................................... 9 Cooper v. California, 502 U.S. 1016 (1991) ............................................................ 8 Deere v. California, 502 U.S. 1065 (1992) ............................................................ 11 Deere v. Chappell, __ U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 76 (2014) .............................................. 12 Fairbank v. Ayers, 565 U.S. 1276 (2012) ............................................................... 13 Fairbank v. California, 525 U.S. 861 (1998) ......................................................... 13 Sully v. Ayers, __ U.S. __, 134 S.Ct. 2697 (2014) .................................................. 16 Sully v. California, 503 U.S. 944 (1992) ................................................................ 16 Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Arakaki v. Cayetano, 324 F.3d 1078 (9th Cir. 2003) ........................................ 31, 38 Blake v. Pallan, 554 F.2d 947 (9th Cir. 1977) ................................................... 31, 32 Brown v. Ornoski, 503 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2007) .......................................... 5, 6 – 7 Cooper v. Brown, 510 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2007) ................................................... 7, 9 Cooper v. Brown, 565 F.3d 581 (9th Cir. 2009) ....................................................... 9 Cooper v. Calderon, 255 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir. 2001) ................................................ 8 Cooper v. Woodford, 358 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2004) ............................................... 9 Deere v. Cullen, 718 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 2013) ......................................... 9 – 10, 12 Deere v. Woodford, 339 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2003) ................................................ 11 iv Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 6 of 56 Evans v. United States Department of Interior, 604 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2010) .......................................................................................................................... 1, 4, 26 Fairbank v. Ayers, 650 F.3d 1243 (9th Cir. 2011).................................................. 13 Fresno County v. Andrus, 622 F.2d 436 (9th Cir. 1977) ......................................... 32 Goldstein v. City of Long Beach, 715 F.3d 750 (9th Cir. 2013) .............................. 33 League of United Latin American Citizens v. Wilson, 131 F.3d 1297 (9th Cir. 1997) .......................................................................................................................... 2, 4, 40 Morales v. Cate, 623 F.3d 828 (9th Cir. 2010) ........................................................ 19 People of the State of California ex rel. Van de Kamp v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 792 F.2d 779 (9th Cir. 1986) ...................................................................... 31 Perry v. Proposition 8 Official Proponents, 587 F.3d 947 (9th Cir. 2009) .......... 2, 4 Sagebrush Rebellion, Inc. v. Watt, 713 F.2d 525 (9th Cir. 1983) ........................... 39 Sierra Club v. United States Equal Protection Agency, 995 F.2d 1478 (9th Cir. 1993) .................................................................................................................. 27, 31 Smith v. Los Angeles Unified School District, 830 F.3d 843 (9th Cir. 2016) .......... 28 Sully v. Ayers, 725 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2013) ........................................................ 16 United States v. Alisal Water Corporation, 370 F.3d 915 (9th Cir. 2004) .............. 28 United States v. City of Los Angeles, 288 F.3d 391 (9th Cir. 2002) ........................ 27 Wilderness Society v. United States Forest Service, 630 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2011) .................................................................................................................................. 27 v Case: 18-16547, 11/21/2018, ID: 11096817, DktEntry: 14, Page 7 of 56 Other Federal Cases Brumfield v. Dodd, 749 F.3d 339 (5th Cir. 2014) .................................................... 31 Nuesse v. Camp, 385 F.2d 694 (D.C. Cir. 1967) ..................................................... 32 United States v. American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 642 F2d 1285 (D.C. Cir. 1980) .......................................................................................................................