Nature & Faune Vol. 21, Issue 2 Human-Wildlife Conflicts Editor: M. Laverdière Assistant Editors: L. Bakker, A. Ndeso-Atanga FAO Regional Office for Africa [email protected] www.fao.org/world/regional/raf/workprog/forestry/magazine_en.htm FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Accra, Ghana 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. All rights reserved. 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Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Communication Division, FAO,Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected]. ©FAO 2007 Nature & Faune Vol. 21, Issue 2 Table of Contents Page Editorial 1 News News in Africa 2 News Worldwide 3 FAO News 5 Thematic News in Africa 6 Thematic News Worldwide 6 Special Feature Human-Wildlife Conflict: A Case for Collaboration 8 Madden, F. 2006 Articles The Ecology of Man-Eating Lions in Tanzania 10 Packer, C., Ikanda, D., Kissui, B. and Kushnir, H. 2006 Aspects of Elephant Crop Raiding Behaviour in the Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana 15 Danquah, E., Oppong, S. K., and Sam, M. K. 2006 Human-Wildlife Conflict in Namibia: Experiences from a Portfolio of Practical Solutions 20 Jones, B. T. B. and Elliot, W. J. 2006 The Eskom-Endangered Wildlife Trust Strategic Partnership in South Africa: A Brief Summary 25 Rooyen, C. van and Smallie, J. 2006 Country Focus Interview with Mr. Ngoya-Kessy from the Republic of Congo 31 FAO Activities Ensuring Farmers’ Livelihoods and Food Security around Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana 34 Strategies to Mitigate Human-Wildlife Conflict in Mozambique 36 The 16th Session of the Working Party on Wildlife and Protected Areas - Addressing Conflicts between Human Activities and Wildlife Conservation in Africa 36 Links 37 Theme and Deadlines for Next Issue 40 Guidelines forAuthors, Subscription and Correspondence 40 Nature & Faune Vol. 21, Issue 2 Editorial First of all, a very warm welcome to our new communities. Many species nowadays are subscribers! We hope that while we expand our protected for the sake of biodiversity conservation digital coverage, more people will get enthusiastic and the generation of tourism revenues. Restrictive about reading Nature & Faune and sending us laws prevent people from hunting problem animal articles for publications. We would like to invite you species. Consequently, large animals are often seen to visit our website: as 'belonging to the government' and rural populations demand wildlife authorities and http://www.fao.org/world/regional/raf/workprog/f governments to protect them from animal menaces. orestry/magazine_en.htm The wealth of literature and the quantity of organizations which work on the causes, where you can find past and present issues of the consequences and solutions to Human-Wildlife magazine (in English and French); and download Conflicts (HWC) is enormous (see the 'Links' the“ Guidelines for authors” if you would like to section). Recently, a Human-Wildlife Conflict contribute manuscripts. You are welcome to send Collaboration was established to allow stakeholders the link to colleagues and friends to support this from all over the world to share experiences and effort to enrich the wildlife, forest and nature information (see the 'Special Feature'). However, conservationist in everyone! the exact circumstances in a specific area need to be Secondly, thank you for the many positive known before sustainable solutions can be found. feedbacks we received after our first digital edition The article by Packeret al. , for example, provides on the theme 'Hunting and Bushmeat'. As we strive an overview of the factors that are responsible for to continuously improve the magazine, your lion attacks on humans in Tanzania (page 10), while comments and observations play a leading role in Danquahet al. explore factors that influence crop shaping the path for Nature & Faune and moving it raiding behavior by elephants (page 15). to greater heights. Solutions to human-wildlife conflicts are not easily found, and successful methods and techniques are often based upon a long history of trial and error. The theme of the current edition is 'Human-Wildlife Jones and Elliot share the experiences of WWF in Conflicts'. Whereas conflicts between people and Namibia (page 20). In the end, when solutions do wild animals have always occurred throughout appear to be effective, other challenges arise, such history, population growth and increased demand as the needed financial resources or expertise to for natural resources as well as the decrease in implement them. Rooyen and Smallie discuss an natural habitat have aggravated the problem in innovative approach in their article on the many places. Wildlife species invade human partnership between an NGO and the South African settlements and raid crops, cause damage to national electricity supplier (see page 25). personal belongings, injure or kill livestock and in some regrettable instances even injure and kill 'Country Focus' (see page 31) is a new section, people. Humans respond by retaliation killings, where Nature & Faune celebrates the developments indiscriminate poisoning and increased poaching of in natural resource management in a selected wild animals. The causes of the conflict cannot be African country. Nature & Faune had the pleasure to eliminated easily or quickly, and human-wildlife speak with Mr. Ngoya-Kessy from the Republic of conflicts are among one of the main threats to the Congo, who informed the magazine of some survival and conservation of various wild species. interesting initiatives in his country, relevant to the theme HWC. ‘Country Focus’ will henceforth be a While insect plagues, fungal plant infections and regular feature of this magazine; countries with cattle diseases are often seen as unfortunate spells of innovative projects relevant to an upcoming theme nature, large animals such as baboons, lions or could contact the editor. elephants awaken people's natural respect and consequent anger and fear for these rampaging We hope you will find the information and animals. Wildlife species negatively impact upon knowledge weaved into each article and news item the food security and livelihood of affected people, in this edition inspiring and useful. resulting in high costs of food production, whilst people become hostile towards wildlife around their 1 Nature & Faune Vol. 21, Issue 2 News News in Africa For membership registration and other information please contact: Prof. Godwin Kowero The African Forest Forum: A platform for Leader, Sustainable Forest Management inAfrica stakeholders inAfrican forestry c/o WorldAgroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Source: Godwin Kowero P.O. Box 30677 00100, Nairobi, Kenya TheAfrican Forestry Forum (AFF) is an association Tel. +254 7224000 Ext.4203 and +254 721 734 864; of individuals who share the quest for and Fax: +254 7224001 commitment to the sustainable management, use Email:[email protected] and and conservation of the forest and tree resources of [email protected] Africa for socio-economic wellbeing of its peoples and for the stability and improvement of its environment. The Forum will, besides individual Commission des Forets d'Afrique Centrale members, have observers from key organisations. th (COMIFAC) 14 Ordinary Session of the The Forum seeks to provide a platform and create an Council of Ministers enabling environment for independent and Source: COMIFAC objective analysis, advocacy and advice on relevant http://www.cbfp.org/facilitation/_Communique_fi policy and technical issues pertaining to achieving nal_CM_Mongomo_29novembre.pdf sustainable management, use and conservation of The 14th Ordinary Session of the COMIFAC Africa's forest and tree resources as part of efforts to st reduce poverty and promote economic and social Council of Ministers was held on 21 September development. 2006 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. The following member countries took part: Cameroon, Congo, The Forum will, among other activities: Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Constitute permanent andad hoc task forces, Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sao think tanks and committees from among its Tome and Principe and Chad, as well as many membership to analyse and give advice on representatives of organizations and donors. specific issues, problems and potentials. Commission experts and institutions to carry Protection of marine tortoises along the Atlantic out studies and research tasks to generate Coast of Africa: opening in Dakar of a regional knowledge in general or for specific institutions coordination unit for the memorandum of and organizations