F INAL D RAFT J UNE 2016 ANAKTUVUK PASS 2016 – 2036 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 Photo Credits: City View. Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development; Division of Community and Regional Affairs’ Community Photo Library. From right to left Church. Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development, Division of Community and Regional Affairs, Community Photo Library; Elders Collage. UMIAQ photo library; Mountains. UMIAQ photo library. ii Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan June 2016 Final Draft Assembly Ordinance # North Slope Borough Planning Commission Resolution # City of Anaktuvuk Pass Resolution # Naqsragmiut Tribal Council # Nunamiut Corporation Resolution # iii Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 This page is intentionally left blank. iv Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH MAYOR Mike Aamodt NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH ASSEMBLY John Hopson Jr., President (Wainwright & Atqasuk) Vernon Edwardsen (Barrow) Dwayne Hopson, Sr. (Nuiqsut, Kaktovik, Anaktuvuk Pass, & Deadhorse) Herbert Kinneeveauk Jr. (Point Hope & Point Lay) Doreen Lampe (Barrow) Roy M. Nageak, Sr. (Barrow) Muriel Katuk Brower (Barrow) NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH PLANNING COMMISSION Paul Bodfish, Chair (Atqasuk) Lawrence Burris, (Anaktuvuk Pass) Richard Glenn (Barrow) Daisy Sage (Pt. Hope) Eli Nukapigak (Nuiqsut) Nora Jane Burns (Kaktovik) Jack Henry, Jr. (Point Lay) Raymond Aguvluk (Wainwright) COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING STAKEHOLDER COMMITTEE ANAKTUVUK PASS CITY COUNCIL Herman Kignik (Atqasuk) Vacant, Mayor James Nageak (Anaktuvuk Pass) Esther S. Hugo, Vice-Mayor Mayor Bob Harcharek (Barrow) Susan Morry, Secretary Steve Ommittuk (Pt. Hope) Lela Ahgook, Treasurer Thomas Nukapigak (Nuiqsut) Thomas Rulland Ida Angasan (Kaktovik) Homer Mekiana Bill Tracey, Sr. (Point Lay) Charles Hugo John Hopson, Jr. (Wainwright) NUNAMIUT CORPORATION BOARD NAQSRAGMIUT TRIBAL COUNCIL Larry Burris, President Charles Hugo, President Catherine Edwards, Vice President Chris Hugo, Sr., Vice President Homer Mekiana, Treasurer Alice Ahgook, Secretary Susan Morry, Secretary Anna Nageak, Treasurer Shirley Mekiana Vera Nay Riley Sikvayugak, Jr. Bass Gordon Mickey Paneak Thomas Rulland NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & COMMUNITY SERVICES Rhoda Ahmaogak, Director Gordon Brower, Deputy Director Community Planning and Real Estate Division Matt Dunn, Division Manager Bob Shears, CIP Specialist CONSULTANTS ASRC Energy Services, Jennifer Tobey and Robin Sanford UMIAQ Design and Municipal Services, Erika Green, Richard Reich, and Tasha Edwards Michael v Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 Acknowledgements Many individuals and organizations participated in the multi-year effort to develop and revise the Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan. The North Slope Borough Department of Planning & Community Services provided leadership for development of this plan, especially Director Rhoda Ahmaogak, Deputy Director Gordon Brower, Community Planning Division Manager Matt Dunn, and CIP Specialist Bob Shears. WHPacific, Inc. completed initial work on the plan, including facilitation of public meetings and draft chapters in 2009 and 2010. Glenn Gray and Associates, ASRC Energy Services, and UMIAQ updated and prepared this final plan. The community review organizations and stakeholders deserve a special thank you for their time and efforts in providing information, comments and suggestions for the Plan: The City of Anaktuvuk Pass City Council, Naqsragmiut Tribal Council, Nunamiut Iñupiat Corporation leadership, Nunamiut School staff, North Slope Borough School District staff, hunters, Elders, church staff, and many residents. vi Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. ES-1 Taiguaqtit Isumafanni Piitchuitchuat ..................................................................................................... ES-5 Chapter 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Comprehensive Plan ............................................................................................................ 2 Basis for Comprehensive Planning ............................................................................................................... 3 Public Involvement .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Vision Statement ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Plan Scope and Organization ......................................................................................................................... 11 Consistency with Adopted Plan Policies ................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2. Community Overview ......................................................................................................... 15 Local Governance ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Setting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 The People ............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Community History ........................................................................................................................................... 24 Iñupiaq Values ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3. The Natural Environment .................................................................................................... 29 Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve ..................................................................................... 29 Geography, Soils and Geology ....................................................................................................................... 30 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................................. 31 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats ....................................................................................................................... 31 Wildlife Regulation ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Climate and Climate Change .......................................................................................................................... 37 Weather Hazards ................................................................................................................................................ 39 Contaminated Sites ............................................................................................................................................ 41 Chapter 4. Subsistence ......................................................................................................................... 47 Definitions of Subsistence .............................................................................................................................. 48 Subsistence Area of Influence ....................................................................................................................... 49 Anaktuvuk Pass Subsistence Harvest ........................................................................................................ 53 Subsistence Economy ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Subsistence Vulnerabilities ............................................................................................................................ 57 vii Anaktuvuk Pass Comprehensive Plan Final Draft June 2016 Chapter 5. Population ........................................................................................................................... 67 Historical Population and Population Trends ........................................................................................ 67 Births and Deaths ............................................................................................................................................... 71 In-Migration and Out-Migration .................................................................................................................. 72 Low, Moderate and High Population Growth Projections ................................................................. 73 Chapter 6. Housing .............................................................................................................................