Ways Out of Homelessness in Central Europe Lessons of an Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership Poland Czech Republic Hungary Romania Fehér, Boróka Koltai, Luca Németh, Balázs Szabó, Andrea Čaputová, Kateřina Sčotková, Gabriela Tilling, Ian Wygnańska, Julia The project was supported by the European Commission. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. 2016 Ways out of homelessness in Central Europe Lessons of a strategic partnership project 1 Hungarian housing solutions 25 Local solutions in the Czech Republic 43 Homelessness policy in Warsaw, Poland 53 The Casa Ioana Model 119 Annex 1 The Outcomes Star Toolkit 110 Annex 2 Beneficiary Survey 122 Annex 3 Key Stakeholder Survey 126 Ways out of homelessness in Central Europe Lessons of a strategic partnership project The “Ways out of homelessness” partnership The Ways out of homelessness partnership has united homelessness or- ganizations from four Central European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania) as well as FEANTSA, the European Federa- tion of National Organisations working with the Homeless, an organization fighting for homeless people and affordable housing solutions on a Europe- an level. While there have been several European projects and exchanges of know-how and good practice in the field of housing, representatives of the partner organizations felt the need for focusing exclusively on local solu- tions from the region. This focus centred on the system, rate and availability of general social support, as well as social housing and housing subsidies in partner countries as these differ greatly from those existing in older EU member states, creating unique challenges for both homeless people and support workers trying to help their clients find ways out of homelessness. 2 | We have not planned to study the social context in great depth, rather to focus on what works and how. We have been keen on learning from each other, looking at local solutions that might be adaptable in our own coun- tries and cities. The goal of the partnership While there is a growing awareness of housing-led and Housing First ap- proaches (even the European Commission has called on member states to adopt a social investment approach to homelessness, with a strong emphasis on housing-led approaches) both in Europe and globally, we have decided to look at any housing solutions that work in our local contexts. These include a severe shortage of social housing and, in most of the countries examined, a lack of substantial housing allowances1. We did not only want to include housing-led approaches, but also housing solutions that might be closer to the traditional staircase system. Below is an introduction of the partnership: the partner organizations, our joint activities, the local solutions identified and the policy recommen- dations that arose from these. Partner organizations The partnership has been established by six organizations (five NGO-s and one public body) active in the field of homelessness. Five provide direct services and conduct advocacy in Hungary, the Czech Republic, Romania and Poland. As the goal of the project was to recognize housing-led solutions at the municipal level, focus was on the local activity of partners, although some were also engaged at the national level, e.g. SAD from the Czech Re- public is a national umbrella organization for homelessness service provid- ers, while Habitat for Humanity Hungary, which implements national pro- jects, is also part of a both a European and t global network. Pan-European expertise was added to the project by participation of FEANTSA, a European network of national homelessness service providers, known for facilitating 1 and in case such allowances exist, as in the case of the Czech Republic, the problem of access- ing them (due to administrative obstacles, for examples) WAYS OUT OF HOMELESSNESS IN CENTRAL EUROPE | 3 policy debate at the European level based on the input from partners from all European countries. All partner organizations engaged people of various backgrounds includ- ing social and field workers, program and service managers, former and current service users, local government officers, advocates and researchers although the latter was least present. Partner organizations could not only include members of their own staff but also members of formal or informal networks existing around the variety of their activities. The Ius Medicinae Foundation from Poland, for example, does not provide any direct service to people experiencing homelessness but engaged public officers, service man- agers and field workers from the informal network of stakeholders who were active in provision of housing-led solutions in Warsaw. BMSZKI, is a local government institution of homelessness services, and was able to take on the board users of services feeding the project with their unique perspective. What did we do together The core activity of the Partnership was local study visits conducted in Budapest, Prague, Bucharest, Warsaw and Brussels. The two-day-meetings were organised by local partners and attended on average by three partici- pants from each partner organization with the exception of FEANTSA who nominated one permanent participant. The major goal of the meetings was the exchange of knowledge on the non-shelter housing-based solutions for homeless people implemented lo- cally. In order to inform cross-country comparisons and facilitate respon- sible mutual learning, we have developed templates for the introduction of the local solutions. These, together with some papers providing background information on the local context (housing and policy reports, analysis of ex- isting services and benefits, description of the system of services for home- less people, etc.) were sent to participants before the meetings to ensure meetings were as efficiently as possible. Each meeting started with an introduction of the national and local home- lessness housing and welfare context and followed by structured presenta- tions of local programs. Participants discussed the similarities and differ- 4 | ences in the context and solutions, themselves looking for inspiration and procedures that might be useful in their hometowns. The seminar session was followed by field visits through which partici- pants were able to see the operation of the selected programs on the ground, e.g. street work service in Budapest recruiting rough sleepers for a housing project, shelter for families by Casa Joana in Bucharest, anarchist café in Prague and hub of homelessness services in Warsaw by Caritas. Informal exchange continued during common dinners and meals. Partnership was steered by representatives of each partner organisation who met on management meetings during study visits and communicat- ed on a regular basis via electronic tools. Coordinators set and monitored the general framework of the partnership performance including its goals and conceptual framework as well as more detailed elements such as the general agenda of the study visits or setting the guidelines for selecting and presenting local housing-based solutions. An important part of the meet- ings was discussion and evaluation of presented solutions and positioning them in the European debate, which currently facilitates reorientation of the national and European policies towards more “housing-led” and “Housing First inspired” solutions. The benchmark for discussions was provided by the representative of FEANTSA and input by coordinators informed through the study visits. Knowledge produced by the Partnership, including contextual papers, descriptions of local solutions, impressions and experience of participants have been disseminated by all participants through their professional and personal networks, e.g. co-workers and cooperating institutions. Addition- ally, knowledge was shared through the media, including the international webpage of the Partnership, social media (Facebook and Twitter) and na- tional portals administered by partners e.g. Polish web where detailed re- ports from each visit were presented in the national language. Training needs Another goal of the project was to explore the various training programs that are offered to support workers working with homeless people on their WAYS OUT OF HOMELESSNESS IN CENTRAL EUROPE | 5 way out of homelessness. Coordinators have gathered input from field work- ers and trainers from existing programs – and were baffled to find none spe- cifically addressing this target group. There were some workshops exchang- ing technical information on where there are bids for social housing, how to secure affordable housing for homeless people on the private market and what administrative steps should be taken to safeguard tenants. However, there were no training programs in the partner organizations, or, according to our knowledge, in our countries, to enable support workers to help former homeless people in accessing housing more efficiently. More surprisingly, still, was that many support workers did not even see the need for such training! In many programs, the same support workers from the shelter continued working with users even after they moved to apartments – and the work carried out was very similar (if not the same) to that in the shelter. In these projects, there was a strong emphasis on making users “housing-ready” while users were still living in the shelter, and possi- bly accepting homeless people who were “more ready” than others who were not. In other programs,