The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities (JIABU) Vol. 9 No. 1 (January – June 2016) Aims and Scope: The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities is an academic journal published twice a year (1st issue January-June, 2nd issue July-December). It aims to promote research and disseminate academic and research articles for researchers, academicians, lecturers and graduate students. The Journal focuses on Buddhism, Sociology, Liberal Arts and Multidisciplinary of Humanities and Social Sciences. All the articles published are peer-reviewed by at least two experts. The articles, submitted for The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities, should not be previously published or under consideration of any other journals. The author should carefully follow the submission instructions of The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities including the reference style and format. Views and opinions expressed in the articles published by The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities, are of responsibility by such authors but not the editors and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors. Advisors The Most Venerable Prof. Dr. Phra Brahmapundit Rector, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand The Most Venerable Xue Chen Vice President, Buddhist Association of China & Buddhist Academy of China The Most Venerable Dr. Ashin Nyanissara Chancellor, Sitagu International Buddhist Academy, Myanmar Executive Editor Ven. Prof. Dr. Phra Sigambhirayarn Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Chief Editor Dr. Dion Peoples Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Editorial Team Ven. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Prof. Dr. D. Philips Stanley Naropa University, USA Prof. Ven. Dr. Khammai Dhammasami University of Oxford,UK Prof. Dr. Tamas Agocs Dharma Gate Buddhist College, Hungary The Most Venerable Dr. Ching Hsing Ching Cheuh Buddhist Sangha University, Chinese-Taipei Ven. Prof. Chisho Namai Koyasan University, Japan Ven. Prof. Jinwol Lee Dongguk University, Korea Ven. Prof. Dr. Yuanci Buddhist Academy of China, China Prof. Dr. Takahide Takahashi Rissho University, Japan Prof. Dr. Le Mahn That Vietnam Buddhist University, Vietnam Senior Prof. Sumanapala Galmangoda University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Ven. Dr. Phramaha Somboon Vutthikaro Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Dr. Rabindra Panth Nalanda Deemed University (Nalanda Mahavihar), India Assistant Editors Ven. Dr. Phrapalad Somchai Payogo Buddhapanyasridvaravadi Buddhist College, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Ven. Dr. Phramaha Sompong Unyo International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Ven. Dr. Phramaha Nantakorn Piyabhani International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University H.E. Janos Jelen Dharma Gate Buddhist College, Hungary Dr. Sanu Mahatthanadull International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University ii Dr. Soontaraporn Techapalokul International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Staff Phramaha Nopparat Abhijavo Phramaha Manothai Nepakkhavedhi Ms. Mukrawe Chimphana Owner International Association of Buddhist Universities Office International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC) Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Room A400 Zone A, 4th Floor, Classroom Building, MCU, 79 Moo1, Lamsai, Wang-noi, Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya 13170, Thailand Tel: (6635)248-000 ext.8501, 8505 Email: [email protected] iii JIABU, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2016 iii Editorial Message: At the International Association of Buddhist Universities, we have several principles that we take as our guidelines in moving forward in our engagements. Here is a reminder of how we progress in our work and how we wish to inspire others, through: IABU Vision: • Motivate future generations to gain and apply profound understanding of the Buddhadhamma in every aspect of life • Raise the quality of scholarly work within Buddhist Studies and across other academic endeavors • Contribute to meeting the challenges that face human society worldwide IABU Mission: • Support and collaborate with members to ensure humanity can benefit from the richness and variety of the multi-dimensional Buddhist traditions • Provide a framework towards better understanding diverse policies and activities • Collaborate in administration, teaching, research and outreach • Recognize each other’s qualifications IABU Goals: • Propagate the Buddhadhamma through collaborative academic channels • Eliminate Buddhist sectarian, national, and institutional barriers • Raise the academic standards throughout the Buddhist world • Maximize academic potentials and abilities The papers in this volume are on a variety of topics. Originally the volume intended to contain papers on: “Buddhism and ASEAN’s Political Security & Economic Communities”, but there were few contributions on the theme, so a revision to the call for papers included papers on any topic pertaining to Buddhism. As a result, we received papers diverse in quality. There are papers that are very impressive as well as papers from emerging-scholars aspiring towards graduation-requirements. Therefore, the IABU contributed towards making some of these papers become something other than what it was submitted. Hours of editing work went into a few of these papers, and yet, we still apologize if any imperfections remain. We tried, very diligently, to assist these scholars, sacrificing our personal research, for the sake of these scholars that contributed papers to this edition of the JIABU. Dr Rodriguez-Diaz has a very technical paper on Buddhist-data and the concept of loving-kindness in everyone’s daily life, and despite the rhetoric of Buddhism, computerized results show interesting results. Dr. Scherer contributes a paper, originally an epilogue to his upcoming book, on Buddhism’s perspective towards people with variations to their bodies (disabilities or even gender-issues) – towards a very interesting social conversation that more people may find interesting. The research and writing of Sigmund Frued is very popular, and Mr. Tan contributes an excerpt of his research on evaluating dream-states. Dr. Tony Sin-Heng See explores Buddha-Nature, a topic many Buddhists pursue and still have trouble comprehending, this paper should clarify the concept for readers. Our comrade in peace, Mr. Amjad Mohamed-Saleem contributes his writing to help Buddhists understand Non-Violence and Conflict Resolution in the Islamic Perspective – so Buddhists can comprehend how another person from another tradition, may be thinking. This important paper will assist Buddhists in their interreligious-dialogues. Socially-engaged Buddhism, the topic pursued next, by Dr. Priyasen Singh is included next, as continuity in ideas for attaining peace and pursuing JIABU, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2016 iv peace and liberation, through the Bodhisattva Ideal. Ven. Phan Anh Duoc contributes a paper on various leaders involved with engaged Buddhism, expressing their ideas on Nibbana. A leader from China is written about in Mr. Saiping An’s paper on Venerable Chin Kung, illuminating the idea of multicultural education, and how this brings social peace. Other leaders from the pages of Thai history are resurrected by Venerable Yuande Shih, as he researches the holy-men and their involvement with political leadership within texts from Thai history. From the pages of history, towards influential literature and art: the last two papers are on the Sinxay Story, perhaps a Jataka tale from Laos, translated by Peter Whittlesey; and the wonderful architecture of Champa, Vietnam is written about by Dr. Arvind Singh - and many pictures of these temples were included into the article so readers who have never been to Vietnam may one day be inspired to visit a beautiful nation, recovering from decades of a devasting war for liberation. With all of that being said, we hope you will enjoy this ninth edition of the journal for the International Association of Buddhist Universities. This volume, along with all of our other volumes, can be found online, at: www.iabu.org/JIABU - and we hope you will have ample time to read these volumes, and build your research upon our ideas that have been released already, instead of contributing basic-paper after basic-paper. History is full of interesting ideas, and modern researchers try their best to incorporate the past with modern wisdom, so that the emerging generations can produce better research. The vision, mission, and goals of the IABU are expressed to ensure our students and professors are not beginning from nothing. We have an extensive catalog of conference publications and journals which should be explored within the various classrooms in Buddhist Studies, across all of the universities in our association. Professors are encouraged to use these articles as conversation-pieces to push the boundraries beyond what their students are normally producing, and what they themselves are producing. For Buddhist Studies to be taken more seriously in the world of academia, and to be globally-influential, we need to discuss the difficult ideas that traditional studies are often afraid to consider. We all need to be literate on the controversial issues; we must lead discussions on the global stage where these issues are discussed so that policy-makers and