»»»*'*''»*»»a^ '^^»e.«*»fifi»*'«'''' f i' ')<»•' Drii rilinVMMiiiKiill 'I'M- >lf,-<ff.*Att^.,,. k- A » i •','!'» H'.**F^*'' » ^ • • . « :s,m !! 'a -*%¥<» "- --" :D:iy fc. SonJ-iJii'^' to live. Qxtes-n.. M'mmww Twm ifii? tw , 11 'u" 'If L li ii5i ^lM(c?, iff}^ FIr;^N<4 ( Coun ! ; bfirabord. ) rim aei P u-s S eJl ,litb "'10 T) ay 3c D on ,Lith ' riis Oils ea TMUM DJ JnJv. iiii^ li T y ^ k ^ (^ aj n: j^ © if if' i^ ^;, i? :j 'a ( Conjitess cle CJnam±)OTdj THE DESCENDANTS OF THE STUARTS. ^it ^jttljronkleir lag« hx €nglanb's pistorg. BY WILLIAM TOWNEND SECOND EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS. LONDON: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS, & ROBERTS. 1858. THE AUTHOR KESERVES THE RIGHT OF TRANSLATION. ^nMi/^ Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2012 witii funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/descendofstu2ded1858town CONTENTS. Page Introductory Account of the House of Stuart . 1 Introductory Account of the House of Stuart Simmeren 96 James 3rd., Titular King of England 126 The Princess Louisa 127 Anne, Queen of Sardinia .... 128 Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orleans 167 liOuis, Prince of Salms 256 The Princess Louisa of Salms 257 The Princess Eleanora of Salms 257 Anne, Princess of Conde *. 258 Benedicta, Duchess of Hanover 290 The Princess Palatine Louisa . 294 1[QUER0R, A A. ussia^ 757. ussia, ncK. 768. iam II., unswick, vfTT issia, XXIV. AVI. i^gy, 1813. WIRTEMBUI BAVARIA. Ik, iam III., I Prince William of (iswick, Augusta, issia, XXIII. Prussia, 1815. Queen of Wirtembi^*^- RUSSIA. b. 1783, d. 1851. b. 1764, d. 1788^ lam IV., I I Mary, swick, Williaml ^^sia, Charlotte, Queen of Bavaria, King of ^""P^" Dowgr. of Russia, WirtemM- b. 1825. b. 1781. b. 1798. ! I Louis, Alexander II., Emperor of Russia, Prince Royal of Bavaria, b. 1846. XVII. b. 1818. HOLLAND Sophia, Queen of Hollar b. 1818. I William, Prince of Orang b. 1&40. 1 < 1^1 g_W ^ p. o ^ CO rH " - "^ o ^ « -tf to ^ « . T3 3a "S5 +^ d "2 (3 '2 ^ s a :3 s ; a 1 o I £.9 O I all t. p^ ^„ H a o ^ - to 0) 8 p^ - I a ^ ^ w ,« .a 5 a -d .9 ^ S ^ ^ r HfqgHB<5wHlS!HWHpqHHIsiH<j^g-Sig o S b -3 « •« ^ s g « .9 : "3 5. H O S ,A rr-; CO rd -C £i 00 tS 1:^ t3 C; Oi ^ l-H h-H hH H £; rd "^ S 'O W SfS c g P^ W -g -5 J -^ O 3 -S\g £ 5 T h !f i -S i bo o '^ (§ 2 H 5 w 5 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. In bringing out a Second Edition of these Memoirs of the Descendants of the Royal House of Stuart, I am desirous of expressing to the public, and with pleasure I add to my critics generally, my thanks, for the welcome they have accorded to this work. My reason for not writing, as has been suggested, the Life either of Prince Janies Stuart, or of his sister, the Princess Loaisa, was simply because I considered that the former, besides being in- cluded in the series of the "Princes of Wales," merited a separate biography ; that the materials at my command were not in my estimation suificient to render the Prince justice ; and that I trusted that Miss Strickland, to whom history, and the House of Stuart, in particular, are so much indebted, would, by compiling the lives of this Prince and his chival- rous Son, complete the noble monument, which with such indomitable courage she has raised to the Memory of the Royal House of Stuart. —; 11 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The Princess Louisa is included in the series of the " Princesses of England." Of the Prince of Salm, and his two sisters, the Princesses Louisa and Eleanora of Salm, no materials exist for biographies and if they did, their lives would not be of suffi- cient importance to be worth recounting. Thus, out of the Ten Excluded Stuarts, five only were left of whom I could treat. By the aid of some valuable foreign documents which have as kindly, as unexpectedly on my part, been placed at my disposal, and to the donors of which, though I refrain from naming them per- sonally, I hereby return my cordial thanks—I have been enabled to trace the descent of the fifth exclu- ded Stuart, the Prince of Salm, whose genealogy has hitherto been wrapt in obscurity. In the first edition I contented myself with simply sketching an outline of this Prince's pedigree, without attempt- ing to vouch for its completeness. The descent of Sophia, Duchess of Hanover, involving a subject of no less importance than the Succession to the British Crown, has been deduced solely from original authorities and private docu- ments, spontaneously contributed. No preceding historians have, so far as I am informed, correctly traced this Princess's pedigree : I flatter myself, however, that the one now presented to the public will be found to be perfectly accurate. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. HI I'he genealogies of all the descendants of the Stuarts have been, in this edition, traced solely from private records and original authorities. The Al- manach de Gotha for consecutive years, and to a lesser extent, the Almanach ^oyal de France^ are the best authorities which can be consulted : the " Royal Genealogies " and other kindred works (with the exception of Anderson's, which is only carried down to about the year 1730) can very seldom be depended upon; as generally speaking they are incomplete, and, but too often, inaccurate. I believe that this edition, which I have spared no labour in endeavouring to render a reliable record, will be found complete; but should my readers detect any omissions or incorrect dates, I should greatly esteem the favour of a communication, in order that I might correct any errata in subsequent editions. WILLIAM TOWNEND. 10, Buckingham Place, Brighton, Septeynher \st, 1858. PREFACE. I HAVE written, what has hitherto been un- chronicled in our annals, a history of the Descendants of the House of Stuart. To the public, whose kind forbearance I claim, a brief explanation is due of the motives which have dictated the publication of this work. In the first place, I have been influenced by the desire to supply a desideratum in English history. I have also wished to show that if dynastic history is lost sight of in recounting our national chronicles, the reader is left in ignorance of the secret, in con- tradistinction to the avowed motives, which have governed our diplomacy. Moreover, I think it important, that, as the abolition of the Oath abjuring the Descendants of the Stuarts, in order to facilitate the admission of the Jews into the legislature, now forms a question of the day, no information relating to this exiled family, proving or disproving the existence of their b IV PREFACE, descendants, should be withheld from the public, in order that they may arrive at a correct decision upon the subject. And, lastly, I consider that this history of the Stuarts is due to that illustrious House, whose genealogical records have so long been involved in obscurity. That a narrative of the Roman Catholic Stuarts is a desideratum in Anglican literature, is proved by the absence of such a work. That national history, if written unconnectedly with dynastic, conveys but an inadequate idea of the secret policy of a kingdom, is evident,—for it is in the connexional ties subsisting between the so- vereigns that we must seek for an elucidation of the motives which have instigated their polity,—the friendship or hostility of one royal brother towards another being generally affected by these con- siderations. The history of our own country, which I adduce as a specimen, will be found to corroborate the truth of this assertion; for, from the times of the Conqueror to the present day, have not dynastic, rather than national interests, regulated its policy ? In the following epitome of its chronicles, read the reply :— William the Pirst's reign was disturbed by con- flicts with Erance, originating in the countenance afforded Robert, William's son, by the Prench king. The regalities of William the Second and Henry the Pirst were influenced by precisely the same PREFACE. V considerations as those which had affected their father's. Stephen's reign was a protracted civil war, owing to the dynastic disputes engendered betwixt himself and his cousin Matilda. The sway of Henry the Second is little else than a relation of disputes between father and son;—the French king, as usual, being drawn in as an acces- sary, by his espousal of the interests of the latter. E/ichard the !First's royalty is a narrative of con- spiracies and counterplots on the part of his brother. John was more fortunate, although he inaugurated his reign by the murder of his nephew : he had no sons who disputed his title, and the contest in which he engaged with France is perhaps the first which may be truly termed national. Henry the Third's empire was disturbed by the pretensions of his relative, Simon de Montfort; but with foreign powers his relations were more peaceful than had been any of his predecessors. Edward the First's royalty is generally considered glorious; although the dynastic war which he waged with Scotland, consequent on the disputed succession to that throne, and in the course of which he perpetrated such cruelties, considerably detracts from his personal merits. Edward the Second's reign was, so far as regarded the monarch personally, the most cruel and calami- tous of any of our princes; for here, shocking to relate, we find the wife arrayed against her husband, b 2 VI PREFACE.