CHAPTER: IV ENUMERATION CHAPTER IV ENUMERATION OF RECORDED VASCULAR PLANTS From the sample plots in the study area in the Jainti Forest ofthe Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) during the entire survey period as much as 413 species of vascular plants from 97 families has the recorded to grow. The taxonomical enumeration of these plants is presented below in alphabetic order for families, genera under each family and species under each genus. Though for the delimitation of families Cronquist's (1988) system of classification followed mostly, but the modifications in APG-III system as available in the recent (2014) version of 'The Plant List' were also accepted. For nomenclature, author citation and protologue references mostly IPNI and 'The Plant List' (20 1 have been used extensively 4.1 Classification of Major Taxa The arrangement of different recorded taxa in the present work in the classification of Cronquist ( 1988) is given below for Angiosperms and for Pteridophytes it is as per Sermolli ( 1977) and Ching (1978). Division PTERIDOPHYTA Subdivision: Lycophytina Class: Lycopsida Order: Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Order: Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Subdivision: Filicophytina Class: Ophioglossopsida Order: Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Class: Marattiopsida Order: Marattiales Marattiaceae Class: Filicopsida 272109 Order: Pteridales Exploration and Conservation ofNTFP in BTR 18 Pteridaceae Order: Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Order:J\spidiales Thelypteridaceae J\thyriaceae Tectariaceae Class: MJ\GNOLIOPSIDA Subclass: Magnoliidae Order: Magnoliales Magnoliaceae Order: Laurales Lauraceae Myristicaceae Order: Piperales Chloranthaceae Piperaceae Order: Ranunculales Menispermaceae Berberidaceae Sabiaceae Subclass: Hamamelidae [sic: correctly Hamamelididae] Order: Urticales Cannabaceae Moraceae Urticaceae Order: Juglandales Juglandaceae Order: Fagales Fagaceae Subclass: Caryophyllidae Order: Caryophyllales Nyctaginaceae J\maranthaceae Caryophyllaceae Order: Polygonales Polygonaceae Subclass: Dilleniidae Order: Dilleniales Dilleniaceae Order: Theales Dipterocarpaceae Theaceae Pentaphylaceae J\ctinidiaceae Order: Malvales Enumeration of recorded vascular plants 19 Elaeocarpaceae Malvaceae Order: Lecythidales Lecythidaceae Order: Violates Tamaricaceae Cucurbitaceae Begoniaceae Order: Salicales Salicaceae Order: Capparales Capparaceae Cleomaceae Brassicaceae Order: Primulales Primulaceae Subclass: Rosidae Order: Rosales Rosaceae Order: Fabales Fabaceae Order: Myrtales Lythraceae Myrtaceae Melastomaceae Combretaceae Order: Rhizophorales Rhizophoraceae Order: Comales Cornaceae Order: Euphorbiales Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthaceae Order: Rhamnales Rhamnaceae Vitaceae Order: Sapindales Sapindaceae Burseraceae Anacardiaceae Simaroubaceae Meliaceae Tetrameliaceae Rutaceae Order:Cieraniales Oxalidaceae Balsaminaceae Exploration and Conservation ofNTFP in BTR 20 Order: Apiales Araliaceae Apiaceae Subclass: Asteridae Order: Gentianales Loganiaceae Apocynaceae Order: Solanales Solanaceae Convolvulaceae Order: Lamiales Lamiaceae Order: Plantaginales Plantaginaceae Order: Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Lindemiaceae Gesneriaceae Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Order: Rubiales Rubiaceae Order: Asterales Asteraceae Class: LILIOPSIDA Subclass: Arecidae Order: Arecales Arecaceae Order: Pandanales Pandanaceae Order: Arales Araceae Subclass: Commelinidae Order Commelinales Commelinaceae Order Cyperales Cyperaceae Poaceae Subclass: Zingiberidae Order: Zingiberales Musaceae Zingiberaceae Costaceae Marantaceae Subclass: Liliidae Order: Liliales Smilacaceae Enumeration of recorded vascular plants 21 Dioscoriaceae Order: Orchidales Asparagaceae Amaryllidaceae Hypoxidaceae Orchidaceae 4.2 ENUMERATION 4.2.1 Division: PTERIDOPHYTA For the delimitation ofPteridophyta classification of Singh and Panigrahi (2005) has been followed. ATHYRIACEAE Diplazium esculentum (Retzius) Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1801(2): 312. 1803. Hemionitis esculenta Retzius, Observ. Bot. 6: 38 1791. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 095, dated 19. 01. 2009. Terrestrial herbs, rhizome erect, fronds caespitose; lamina stiffly herbaceous, glabrous or hairy; costae shallowly grooved, with light brown short hairs; sori mostly linear, slightly curved, from near midribs to laminar margin. Local distribution: Throughout the forests. LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodiella cernua (Linnaeus) Pichi Sermolli, Webbia 23(1): 166. 1968. Lycopodium cernuum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1103. 1753. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 353, dated 09. 02. 2010. Plants terrestrial, prefer moist areas; dichotomously branched, glabrous; leaves of lateral branches and branchlets spirally arranged, dense, slightly bent upward, subulate to linear, base decurrent, sessile, margin entire, apex acuminate; strobili solitary, erect, terete, stalked. Local distribution: Hill forest areas. MARATTIACEAE Angiopteris crassipes Wallich ex C. Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid 23. 1845. L.N.: Gaikhoret Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 051, dated 17. 01. 2009. Terrestrial, fronds large, stipes hirsute; laminae bipinnate; pinnae 60-80 x 20-30 em, bases cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins usually serrate, apices acute to caudate; sori marginal. Local distribution: Hill slope and core forest areas. Angiopteris evecta (G. Forster) Hoffmann, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 12: 29, t. 5. 1794. Polypodium evectum G. Forster, Fl. Ins. Austr. 81. 1786. L.N.: Gaikhoret Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 078, dated 18. 01. 2009. Terrestrial, fronds large, stipes smooth; laminae bipinnate; pinnae 65-70 em, with 15-30 pairs of spreading pinnules; pinnules 7-20 x 0.9-3.5 em, bases cordate, rounded to cuneate, margins crenulate to serrate, apices acuminate to caudate; sori marginal. Local distribution: Hill slope and core forest areas. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Helminthostachys zeylanica (Linnaeus) Hooker, Gen. Fil., Pl. 47, B. 1842. Osmunda zeylanica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1063. 1753. L.N.: Muzurkhutte Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 513, dated 28. 09. 2010. Exploration and Conservation ofNTFP in BTR 22 Terrestrial; fronds usually single at rhizome apex; sterile lamina temate with basal pinnae divided into 3 or 4 pinnules; pinnules lanceolate, 6-20 x 1.5-3 em, base decurrent, margin irregularly toothed, apex acute; spike like sporophore arising at top of common stipe. Local distribution: River side forests. POLIPODIACEAE Drynaria quercifolia (Linnaeus) J.E. Smith, J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 398. 1841. Polypodium quercifolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1087. 1753. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 322, dated 07. 02. 2010. Epiphytic herbs, rhizome shortly creeping; lamina pinnatifid, apex aborted; pinnae 5-9 pairs, spreading or slightly ascending, oblanceolate, margin subentire, apex acute or acuminate; sori in 2 rows between costa and margin. Local distribution: Core forest areas. Microsorumpunctatum (Linnaeus) Copeland, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16(2): 111. 1929. Acrostichum punctatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1524. 1763. L.N.: Rukhjheu Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 333, dated 07. 02. 2010. Epiphytic; rhizome shortly creeping, terete, slightly compressed; lamina simple, narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 10-175 x 1.5-15 em, herbaceous to sub leathery, stipe winged, auriculate, margin entire or undulate, apex acuminate to rounded; sori separate, small. Local distribution: Core forest areas. Pyrrosia lanceolata (Linnaeus) Farwell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12(8): 245. 1931. Acrostichum lanceolatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1067. 1753. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 347, dated 08. 02. 2010. Epiphytic herbs, rhizome long creeping; fronds monomorphic, lamina widest at middle, 4-14 x 0.6 em, base attenuate, long decurrent, apex obtuse; indumentum persistent, monomorphic, dense; sori sunken. Local distribution: Through out the forests. PTERIDACEAE Adiantum cordatum Maxon, Amer. Fern J. 21(4): 136. 1931. L.N.: Ranisinka Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 234, dated 14. 05. 2009. Plants terrestrial, epilithic; rhizomes erect, short; lamina 1-pinnate, lanceolate in outline, 15-30 x 2--4 em, base slightly narrow; white ventral side; fronds clustered; false indusia dark brown. Local distribution: Stream side Hill slope. Adiantum lunulatum Burmanf, Fl. Indica 235. 1768. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 257, dated 19. 09. 2009. Plants terrestrial, epilithic; rhizomes densely covered with scales; lamina 1-pinnate, linear-lanceolate in outline, 6-23 x 2-3 em, base subattenuate, apex acuminate; false indusia dark brown. Local distribution: Stream side Hill slope. Pteris elongata C.Presl, Tent. Pterid 145. 1836. L.N.: Lamkane Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 052, dated 17. 01. 2009. Plants terrestrial; rhizome erect or ascending; fronds clustered; lamina thinly leathery, base gradually narrowed, apex rounded or obtuse; costa slender, not prominent, veins evident; sori linear, along margin. Local distribution: Hill forest areas. SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella monospora Spring, Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 24: 135. 1850. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 370, dated 10. 02. 2010. Enumeration of recorded vascular plants 23 Terrestrial; perennial, long creeping; axillary leaves on main stems larger than those on branches, ovate or broadly ovate, base not peltate, obtuse; axillary leaves on branches asymmetrical, ovate or narrowly elliptic, margin denticulate; strobili solitary, terminal, compact. Local distribution: Hill slope and core forest areas. TECTARIACEAE Tectaria gemmifera (A.L.A. Fee) Alston, J. Bot. 77: 288. 1939. Sagenia gemmifera A.L.A. Fee, Mem. Foug. 313. 1850. Exsiccatae: Animesh & AP Das 465, dated 26. 09. 2010. Terrestrial; rhizome erect or ascending to creeping; lamina