A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ISSN 0034 – 365 X REINWARDTIA 13 (5) REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 13(5): 391–455, December 20, 2013 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Reviewers David Middleton (Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, UK), Eko Baroto Walujo (LIPI, Indonesia), Ferry Slik (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, China), Henk Beentje (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK), Hidetoshi Nagamasu (Kyoto Universi- ty, Japan), Kuswata Kartawinata (LIPI, Indonesia), Mark Hughes (Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, UK), Martin Callmander (Missouri Botanic Gardens, USA), Michele Rodda (Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore), Mien A Rifai (AIPI, Indonesia), Rugayah (LIPI, Indonesia), Ruth Kiew (Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysia). Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY– LIPI, CIBINONG 16911, INDONESIA E-mail: [email protected] Cover images: Begonia hooveriana Wiriad. spec. nov. REINWARDTIA Vol 13, No 5, pp: 391− 404 FLORISTIC STUDY OF WEST SUMBAWA, INDONESIA Received August 12, 2011; accepted October 09, 2013 HARRY WIRIADINATA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] DEDEN GIRMANSYAH Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] JAMES M. HUNTER New England Tropical Conservatory, Bennington, Vermont, USA. E-mail: [email protected] W. SCOTT HOOVER New England Tropical Conservatory, Bennington, Vermont, USA; Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. E-mail: [email protected] KUSWATA KARTAWINATA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakar- ta−Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia.; Botany Department, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA. E- mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT WIRIADINATA, H., GIRMANSYAH, D., HUNTER, J. M., HOOVER, W. S. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2013. Floristic Study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13 (5): 391−404. — A floristic survey was undertaken in mountains forest of West Sumbawa and some surrounding lower forests, an area of Indonesia receiving limited biological study. Three hundred sixteen species of Angiosperms and ferns were collected from this area in 2004 and 2005. The collection represents 101 families and 234 genera. Key words: Botanical exploration, mountains, West Sumbawa. ABSTRAK WIRIADINATA, H., GIRMANSYAH, D., HUNTER, J. M., HOOVER, W. S. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2013. Studi flora Sumbawa Barat, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13 (5): 391−404. ― Survei flora di kawasan hutan pegunungan Sumba- wa Barat dan hutan daerah rendah disekitarnya telah dilakukan, merupakan lokasi di Indonesia yang kurang dipelajari biologinya. Tiga ratus enambelas jenis dari kelompok Angiospermae dan paku-pakuan telah dikoleksi dari wilayah ini pada tahun 2004 dan tahun 2005. Koleksi yang didapat terdiri atas 101 suku dan 234 marga. Kata kunci: Eksplorasi botani, pegunungan, Sumbawa Barat. INTRODUCTION botanist to have undertaken exploration of east Sumbawa from Mar. 20-23, 1821. Subsequently, Sumbawa is situated between Lombok to the Heinrich Zollinger collected in east Sumbawa in West and Flores to the East. Botanical exploratory 1847, including Mts. Tambora, Hoeroe, Soenkar, efforts on Sumbawa are summarized from van Stee- Padjo, Gempo and Aroehasa (Zollinger, 1848; nis-Kruseman‘s (1950), Cyclopedia of Botanical 1850; 1854). Zollinger has likely explored more Exploration in Malaysia. The earliest botanical ex- mountains in Indonesia than any other single bota- ploratory efforts in Sumbawa were based out of Bi- nist (Hoover, et al., 2004; 2009). Odoardo Beccari ma, in the eastern part of the island. Brief descrip- visited east Sumbawa in Oct. 1874, Wenzel tions of the explorers and the geographic areas they Svoboda on 30 Febr. 1886, Max Wilhelm Carl explored are as follows: Weber in 1889, Anna AntoinettenWeber-Van Bosse Caspar George Carl Reinwardt may be the first in April 1899 and Otto Warburg in Nov. 1888, the 391 392 REINWARDTIA [VOL.13 latter undertaking exploration around Mts. Donggo (RCB-LIPI) sponsored by New England Tropical and Sambori. From 1909-10 Johannes Elbert lead a Conservatory, USA just preliminary survey by Sunda Island expedition which placed him in Bima collecting herbarium specimen from west Sumbawa in Nov. 1909 (Elbert, 1911-12). The expedition re- within six study sites (between Sumbawa Besar to sulted in the collection of about 16,300 herbarium Batu Dulang, Batu Dulang complex, Mount Pasak specimens representing 4284 numbers, but no complex, Mount Ngengas complex, Tepals complex record of numbers of collections for Sumbawa were and Jaran Pusang complex) hoping that the data can indicated. A second trip by Elbert to Sumbawa re- be used for a compliment a check list flora of sulted in collecting another 707 numbers. Much of Sumbawa. the earlier collection from the time of Odoardo Bec- cari in 1874, were not deposited at the Bogor Her- STUDY SITES barium, even though the Herbarium was founded in 1857. Several other botanists visited and made Fig. 1 shows the location of the 2004 and 2005 collections in East Sumbawa in the early 20th centu- expeditions. The interior of West Sumbawa is domi- ry: Alfred Ernst on Mar. 13, 14, 1906, van nated by the following mountains: Batu Pasak Harreveld collected in G. Tambora and Tanjung (1700 m), Batu Linting ―lante‖ (1650 m), Batu Pasumba in Oct. 1920, Victor Emiie van Straelen in Dulang (1700 m) and Puncak Ngengas (1700 m.). 1929, Oene Posthumus in 1932, Otto Jaag on April All mountains were ascended and explored and are 24, 1938, Siebe Bloembergen in 1939, Leendert van described in the present study. Rugged lower moun- der Pijl June 28, 1941, and foresters of the Forest tains, ridges, hills, and small valleys comprise most Research Institute (e.g. Atang, Daroesman, of the remaining, interior landscape, with a narrow Panggabean, Soewondo, de Voogd, etc.) in 1923- coastal plain forming a fringe vegetation zone adja- 1934 collected 224 numbers (under the bb. Series). cent to the Indian Ocean to the South and Bali Sea Mrs. Ilse Maier-Rensch accompanied her hus- to the North. Access to these mountains, and the band zoologist, Bernard Rensch, Head, Division of collection sites around them, was by a grueling road Mollusks, Zoological Museum, Berlin University, out of the city of Sumbawa Besar and hiking from on an expedition to the Lesser Sunda Islands in the road. 1927 as a botanical collector. From late April to early June she undertook botanical collecting in METHODS West Sumbawa on Mts. Batu Dulang and Batu Lante (Rensch 1931); the former is a target site for The present study was undertaken in March 2004 exploration in the present paper. She may have been and July 2005 as a botanical exploratory effort, as the first botanist to explore these mountains in West little previous biological survey work has been done Sumbawa. in West Sumbawa. Expedition base camps were Cornelis Nicolaas Abraham de Voogd made two established near Brangbosang bridge, foot of Mt separate trips to West Sumbawa; the first trip in Batu Pasak (08º 37 729 S, 117º 15 476 E at 1400 1933 (Oct. 28-Nov. 1) and a second trip in 1936 m asl.) and in the forest at foot of Mt. Ngengas (June 7-11), collecting around the East and West upper village of Tepal,ᦡ ᦢ (08º 35 654ᦡ S,ᦢ 117º 08 parts of the island. A phytosociological and silvi- 860 E at 1278 m asl). All the base camps them- cultural analysis was undertaken by Meijer-Drees selves were framed from trees withᦡ a ᦢtarp coveringᦡ (1938, 1951) for E. Sumbawa. Van Steenis (1957) the ᦢframes. Standard botanical techniques for her- identified vegetation types throughout Indonesia barium specimen acquisition were employed. and Whitmore (1984) further studied vegetation Herbarium especially fertile specimen were throughout Malesia. However, no further botanical collected along the trails from several vegetation exploration of West Sumbawa was conducted until types from lowland to top of mountains and sterile 34 years after the Rensch expedition of 1927, when specimen herbarium were collected within 2 plots in 1961 Kostermans and his team (including A. (each plot 0.1. ha) at the slope of Mt. Ngengas and Fedorov of the USSR Academy of Sciences) at the foot of Mt. Pasak. First set of herbarium (Kostermans & Kartawinata, 1961) revisited the specimen stored in Herbarium Bogoriense (RCB- area. A survey report by Kostermans (1965) fol- LIPI), Cibinong and second set sent to Smithsonian lowed up on the expedition, describing mostly tree Institute, Washington as duplicate. families and genera with a few