CBRN Integrated Response Italy enhancing on-site cooperation between safety and security organizations MAPPING REPORT Mapping Report on the Legal, Institutional, and Operative Framework Concerning Response to CBRN Threats in Italy and in other 10 EU Member States Contributors: Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies of Pisa (SSSUP, Leader); The Italian National Fire-Fighters Corp – Fire Department of Pisa (CNVVF); University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. Authors/Principal Investigators: Dr. Matteo E. Bonfanti, SSSUP: Introduction, Section 1, Section 2 (Italy, Estonia, Ireland, Spain, Sweden), Section 3, Section 4, Annex I (Scope and Methodology). Dr. Francesca Capone, SSSUP: Section 2 (Czech Republic, Germany, The Netherlands, The UK), Section 3, Section 4. Ms. Enrica Pautasso, SSSUP: Section 2 (Belgium and France). Reviewers: Prof. Andrea de Guttry, SSSUP; Com.te Marco Frezza, VV.F; Ms. Monia D’Amico, SSSUP; Prof. Carlo Bellecci, Dr. Andrea Malizia and Ms. Mariachiara Carestia, Tor Vergata. Acknowledgments: The principal investigators, as well as the partners involved in the project, owe special thanks to the experts, officers and stakeholders, from academia, governmental institutions, public authorities, and first responder and law enforcement agencies across Europe, who provided valuable information and feedback on the content of the present report. As agreed by the Consortium’s partners, the Italian Country Report was previously drafted in Italian by Dr. Matteo E. Bonfanti in order to allow different Italian Institutional and non-institutional stakeholders to provide feedback in their native language. Then it has been translated into English by Dr. Bonfanti, Dr. Capone and Ms. Pautasso. 2 Pisa, 31 January 2014 Copyright © 2014 CBRN Integrated Response Italy project. This publication is available as a pdf on the CBRN website (www.cbrn-response.eu) under a Creative Commons license that allows copying and distributing the publication - only in its entirety - as long as it is attributed to the CBRN Integrated Response Italy project, and used for non-commercial educational or public policy purposes. 3 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1. AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND COOPERATION MECHANISMS CONCERNING PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE to CBRN CRISES. ............................................................... 9 International Obligations and Cooperation Mechanisms at Universal Level. ....................................... 9 The NATO and Its CBRN Response Mechanism ................................................................................... 14 The EU CBRN Preparedness and Response Framework ...................................................................... 16 Bilateral or Multilateral Agreements ................................................................................................... 23 2. CBRN COUNTRY REPORTS .................................................................................................................. 24 ITALY ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 THE ITALIAN LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISES ...................... 25 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK IN RESPONSE to CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS and PROCEDURES ........... 52 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ....................................................................................................................... 68 BELGIUM .................................................................................................................................................. 71 BELGIUM’ S LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISES ....................... 72 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK IN RESPONSE to CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS and PROCEDURES ........... 77 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ....................................................................................................................... 82 CZECH REPUBLIC ...................................................................................................................................... 83 CZECH REPUBLIC’S LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISES ............ 84 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK IN RESPONSE to CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS and PROCEDURES ........... 88 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ....................................................................................................................... 90 ESTONIA ................................................................................................................................................... 91 ESTONIAN LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISIS .......................... 92 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK in RESPONSE TO CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS AND PROCEDURES ....... 100 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 102 FRANCE .................................................................................................................................................. 104 FRANCE’S INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN EVENTS ...................... 105 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK in RESPONSE TO CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS AND PROCEDURES ....... 111 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 114 GERMANY .............................................................................................................................................. 115 GERMANY’S LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISES .................... 116 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK IN RESPONSE to CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS and PROCEDURES (case study: Bavaria) ................................................................................................................................... 121 4 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 126 IRELAND ................................................................................................................................................. 127 THE IRISH LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISIS ......................... 128 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK in RESPONSE TO CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS AND PROCEDURES ....... 137 CONCLUDING REMARKS .................................................................................................................... 138 SPAIN ..................................................................................................................................................... 140 SPAIN’S LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISIS ............................ 141 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK in RESPONSE TO CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS AND PROCEDURES ....... 151 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 154 SWEDEN ..................................................................................................................................................... 155 THE SWEDISH LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISIS ...................... 156 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK in RESPONSE TO CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS AND PROCEDURES ....... 163 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 166 THE NEHERLANDS .................................................................................................................................. 167 THE NETHERLANDS’ LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRNe CRISES ...... 168 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK IN RESPONSE to CBRNe CRISIS: ACTORS and PROCEDURES ....... 173 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 176 THE UNITED KINGDOM .......................................................................................................................... 178 THE UK’S LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DEALING WITH CBRN CRISIS .......................... 179 THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK in RESPONSE TO CBRN CRISIS: ACTORS AND PROCEDURES ....... 183 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 186 3. RESPONDING TO CBRN CRISES AND EMERGENCIES IN ITALY: DRAWING LESSONS FROM A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................... 187 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 187 Making Room for Improved Response to CBRN Crises and Emergencies in Italy ................................. 187 The “Duality” of the Italian CBRN Crisis and Emergency Management System: Neither a Limit nor an Opportunity to Effective Response. So What? .................................................................................. 187 A Coherent and Comprehensive Normative Framework is Needed. ................................................ 190 Do Not Forget Explosives: the “E” Factor in CBRN Crises and Emergency Management ................. 191 Sound Leadership and Efficient Multi-Agency Coordination