Islam and Civilisational Renewal A journal devoted to contemporary issues and policy research Volume 7 • Number 4 • October 2016 Produced and distributed by ISLAM AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Professor Mohammad Hashim Kamali EDITORIAL TEAM Dr Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil Dr Alexander Wain Abdul Karim Abdullah Tengku Ahmad Hazri Norliza Saleh Siti Mar’iyah Chu Abdullah REGIONAL EDITORS Americas: Dr Eric Winkel Africa & Middle East: Mahmoud Youness Asia: Dr Syed Farid Alatas Europe: Dr Afifi al-Akiti Australasia: Dr. Daud Batchelor ADVISORY BOARD Dr AbdulHamid A. AbuSulayman, Professor Carl W. Ernst, Professor Ingrid Mattson, International Institute of Islamic University of North Carolina University of Western Ontario Thought Professor John Esposito, Professor Abbas Mirakhor, Professor Rüdiger Wolfrum, Georgetown University International Centre for Max Planck Foundation, Professor Silvio Ferrari, Education in Islamic Finance Germany Università degli Studi Dr Chandra Muzaffar, Professor Azyumardi Azra, HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad, International Movement for a State Islamic University Jakarta Jordan Just World Professor David Burrell CSC, Professor Claude Gilliot, Professor Seyyed Hossein Nasr, University of Notre Dame Aix-Marseille Université George Washington University Professor Gholamreza Aavani, Professor Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, Professor Tariq Ramadan, Iranian Philosophical Society Organisation of Islamic Oxford University Dr Mustafa Cerić, Cooperation Professor Mathias Rohe, Former Grand Mufti of Bosnia- Professor Yasushi Kosugi, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Herzegovina Kyoto University Professor Abdullah Saeed, Professor Hans Daiber, Emeritus Professor Hermann University of Melbourne Johann Wolfgang Goethe Landolt, McGill University Professor Miroslav Volf, Universität Professor Tore Lindholm, Yale University Ahmet Davutoğlu, University of Oslo Professor Abdal Hakim Murad, Former Prime Minister of Turkey Professor Muhammad Khalid University of Cambridge Professor W. Cole Durham, Jr Masud, International Islamic Brigham Young University University Islamabad AIMS AND SCOPE · ISLAM AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL (ICR) offers an international platform for awakening the civilisational potential of the Islamic legacy. Revitalising synergies between Islamic and other civilisations in a spirit of self enrichment through discovery and research may facilitate renewal within Muslim societies and the global human community. · ICR explores contemporary dynamics of Islamic experience in legal and religious practice, education and science, economic and financial institutions. · We seek viable policy-relevant research yielding pragmatic outcomes informed by the best values and teachings of Islam as well as of other contemporary civilisations. · ICR is inter-disciplinary, non-political and non-sectarian. It seeks to contribute to prospects of peace among all nations, and assist the conceptual and societal transformation of Muslims. · ICR encourages fresh discourse for self renewal informed by an inclusive tolerant approach to diverse schools of thought and expression of ideas. The intent is to integrate over 1,400 years of Islam’s civilisational resources of diversity, dialogue and coexistence for meaningful exchanges with other world civilisations. · ICR promotes the Malaysian initiative of Tajdīd Haḍārī or Civilisational Renewal, with its component principles: 1. Faith, Ethics & Spirituality, 2. Just Governance, 3. Independence & Self-Determination, 4. Mastery of Knowledge & Science, 5. Islamic Economics & Finance, 6. Human Dignity & Ecological Wellbeing, 7. Cultural & Aesthetic Integrity, 8. Equity & Fraternity, 9. Diversity & Dialogue, 10. Peace & Security. · ICR considers plagiarism a serious violation of its objectives and principles. CONTRIBUTIONS AND EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE Comments, suggestions and requests to: [email protected] Published by IAIS Malaysia, Jalan Ilmu, Off Jalan Universiti, 59100 Kuala Lumpur Printed by Vinlin Press Sdn Bhd, Jalan Meranti Permai 1, Meranti Permai Industrial Park, 47100 Puchong, Selangor CONTENTS Editorial 439–442 Mohammad Hashim Kamali Articles Sufism and Suzuki Shōsanʼs Japanese Zen Teachings 443–456 Yasushi Suzuki Takaful Models: Their Evolution and Future Direction 457–473 Mohammad Mahbubi Ali Women in Islamic Civilisation: Their Rights and Contributions 474–491 Elmira Akhmetova Shariah and Human Rights Perspectives on Interfaith Marriage: 492–508 Challenges Impeding its Practice in Nigeria Ibrahim Imam Muslim Student Expectations from Islamic Studies Courses in Australia 509–526 Mehmet Ozalp and Tamana Daqiq Environmental Sustainability: Worldview, Philosophy and Teachings 527–540 Salman Ahmed Shaikh, Abdul Ghafar Ismail and Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai Viewpoints Salafism, Wahhabism and Radical Islam 541–544 Mohammad Hashim Kamali A Thousand Sages have but One Mind: The Forging of a Joint Chinese- 545–547 Muslim Identity Alexander Wain Syariah Criminal Code (II) Enactment 1993 Amendment 2015: 548–551 Can Kelantan Enforce Hudud? Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil Muslims should Pay More Attention to Human Relations 552–553 Daud Batchelor 438 Significant Events and Developments Address by His Royal Highness Sultan of Perak, Sultan Nazrin 554–560 Muizzuddin Shah at the Book Launch, “Being Abdullah Badawi” (Kuala Lumpur, 31 October 2016) International Conference on Women and Children: Legal and Social Issues 561 (Subang Jaya, 17 - 18 October 2016) Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil Book Launch & Lecture: English Translation of Ibn 'Arabiʼs Al-Futuhat 562 al-Makkiya (Kuala Lumpur, 15 October 2016) Ahmad Badri Abdullah and Tengku Ahmad Hazri Forum on “The Coup in Turkey and the Future of Muslim Politics” 563–564 (Kuala Lumpur, 19 August 2016) Tengku Ahmad Hazri Book Reviews Mohammad Omar Farooq, Toward Our Reformation: From Legalism to 565–568 Value-Oriented Islamic Law and Jurisprudence Gowhar Quadir Wani Mohd Daud Bakar, Shariah Minds in Islamic Finance 568–571 Yasushi Suzuki EDITORIAL This October 2016 issue of IAIS Malaysia’s flagship journal, Islam and Civilisational Renewal, contains six substantive articles (all with actionable policy recommendations), four viewpoints, four event reports and two book reviews. The first of our substantive articles is by Yasushi Suzuki, Professor of Economics at Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan, and a recent Visiting Fellow at IAIS. Entitled ‘Sufism and Suzuki Shosanʼs Japanese Zen Teachings,’ it compares and contrasts traditional Sufi and Zen teachings; after identifying a common core to both traditions, Yasushi argues that Sufism has a ‘universality’ which makes it easily relatable to other faiths. If Muslims were to revive Sufism, it could therefore act as a powerful rival to the exclusivism propagated by Islamic fundamentalism. The second of our articles is by IAIS Research Fellow, Mohammad Mahbubi Ali. Entitled ‘Takaful Models: Their Evolution and Future Direction,’ it presents an important exploration of the rapidly emerging takaful (Islamic insurance) industry. After describing its most recent developments and limitations, Mahbubi advocates musharakah ta’awuniyah (cooperative partnership) as a possible future direction. This concept would reshape insurance as a contract of cooperation and shared responsibility for mutual assistance. Mahbubi acknowledges, however, the need to further examine its commercial viability and practicality. Our third substantive article is entitled, ‘Women in Islamic Civilisation: Their Rights and Contributions.’ Written by Elmira Akhmetova, an Assistant Professor at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), it begins with a fascinating historical overview of the contributions Muslim women have made to science and public welfare. It then states, however, that such female empowerment is rare nowadays; contemporary Muslim women are frequently deprived of their most basic rights, effectively excluding them from these spheres of activity. In light of that, Elmira concludes her article with the following recommendations: 1) academic institutions should further investigate past instances of female Muslim involvement in the sciences; 2) contemporary Muslim governments should look to the example of the past and help promote a future role for women in the sciences; 3) gender discrimination should be prevented by the authorities; 4) the rights of women should not be neglected or interfered with; 5) Muslim religious leaders must achieve a better understanding of the role of women in Islamic society; and 6) Muslim governments should harness both the media and their countries’ educational systems to actively promote the significance of women in Islam. The fourth article in this issue of the ICR is by Ibrahim Imam, a Senior Lecturer at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Entitled ‘Shariah and Human Rights Perspectives ICR 7.4 Produced and distributed by IAIS Malaysia 440 ISLAM AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL on Interfaith Marriage: Challenges Impeding its Practice in Nigeria,’ it discusses the right of Muslim women to enter into interfaith relationships. After outlining the Shariah principles regulating interfaith marriage, Ibrahim concludes that Muslim women should not marry non-Muslim men. While the Shariah accepts the idea of inter-religious marriage between Muslim men and Jewish or Christian women, the case is more problematic for Muslim women. Given the added and peculiar difficulties attached to interfaith marriage in Nigeria, he therefore recommends that Nigerian Muslim women refrain from marrying non-Muslims. Our fifth