UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Practicing Community Engagement: Engaging contradictions in inclusion and exclusion in collaborative planning and policymaking Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/034502t1 Author Bredow, Victoria Ann Lowerson Publication Date 2015 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Practicing Community Engagement: Engaging contradictions in inclusion and exclusion in collaborative planning and policymaking DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Planning, Policy, and Design by Victoria Ann Lowerson Bredow Dissertation Committee: Professor Martha S. Feldman, Co-Chair Professor Michael J. Montoya, Co-Chair Professor David Feldman 2015 © 2015 Victoria Lowerson Bredow DEDICATION To my parents, husband, children, and family and friends and to my compañer@s, thank you and let’s keep going ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................. IV CURRICULUM VITAE ..................................................................................................................................... VI ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ......................................................................................................... XI INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 LITERATURE INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER SUMMARIES .................................................................................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER 1: ENACTING EXCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 25 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 25 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................................... 28 METHODS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................................ 43 FINDINGS & ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 45 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................................... 74 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................. 84 CHAPTER 2: INCLUSION & POWER ......................................................................................................... 86 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 86 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................................... 89 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 104 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................................. 106 VIGNETTE: CREATING COMPLETE STREETS ........................................................................................................... 108 FINDINGS & ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................... 117 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................................. 133 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................................ 143 CHAPTER 3: INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT .................................. 145 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 145 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 148 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 168 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................................. 170 FINDINGS & ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................... 173 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................................. 215 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................................ 226 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................ 227 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 227 IMPLICATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 232 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH ................................................................................................................... 246 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 253 iii Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my committee chairs, Martha S. Feldman and Michael J. Montoya. Martha, as my advisor since day one, you have been a steadfast advocate for me as a scholar and a person, and have shown me that I do not need to separate these—nor can I. You had faith in me when I acted as though I could not and would not finish. You questioned me in ways that has pushed my scholarship to places I did not know existed. Michael, you saw the field site before I did. You have led by doing; you have demonstrated to me that scholarship and academia are so much more than I thought seven years ago, and neither is fully predictable. Both of you have influenced me tremendously, in ways that have yet to fully emerge. I would like to thank my committee member and chair of UCI’s Department of Planning, Policy and Design, David L. Feldman, for your mentorship on theories of power, about public policy, and translating my research into publications. You embraced my approach to research and showed me the forest you saw in a dissertation full of interesting and beautiful trees. In addition, I owe thanks to Victor Becerra, the Director of the Community Outreach Partnership Center. Victor and his center contributed heavily to my decision to come to UC Irvine, which I knew to be a place that valued scholarship applied and oriented to social justice. You and Vicki have been unstinting supporters of my family and me—thank you. I want to also acknowledge the Johnson Chair Fellows led by Professor Martha S. Feldman. These fellows, past and present, honorary and actual, include: Deborah Leftkovitz, Katharina Dittrich, Francisco Fernandez, Allison Laskey, Natalie Baker, Julka Almquist, Anja Schröder, Heather Goldsworthy, Jennifer Cordero, Katie Pine, and Kathy Quick—thanks to you all for providing a roadmap and hope for a finished dissertation, as well as lots and lots of feedback on lots and lots of writing. The Johnson Chair helped me to crystalize my fit as a public management scholar. I am also so grateful to have met and discussed the vision of Roger Johnson for the Fellows with his wife, Janice, and his daughter, Marek. My participation