ON MONITORING AND EVALUATION STUDY OF RURAL WATHtStPftY & SAHITATÍON PROGRAMME PRADESH f JULY 1998 OM CONSULTANTS (INDIA) PVT. LTD. BANGALORE Ora Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. CONTENTS Page No. 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 0 2. CURRENT GOVT. WATEPOLICE TH t RYN fi I SANITATION SECTOR 3 3.0 OBJECTIVES K SCOPE 5 4.0 APPROACH K METHODOLOGY 6 0 SOCIO-ECONOMI5. 9 C CHARACTERISTICS 0 SANITATIOD 6. WATEAN 8 E 1 RUS N PRACTICES 0 7. OPERATIO MAINTENANCD NAN WATEF EO 8 R2 SUPPLY 8.0 WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR WATER SUPPLY 31 9.0 SANITATION 35 10.0 CONCLUSION 37 ANNEXES Annex I - Habitation Profile Questionnaire 39 3 4 AnneHousehol- I I x- d Questionnaire Annex - HI - List of selected Habitations 50 PO Box P? .... :>¿ - - • ;tr HAGUE •f^; <•••• ••-•." -.. ü BARCODH " " Consultantm O s (India) Pvt. Ltd. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM launches wa ) d in August 198 o accelerat6t e progresth e f drinkino s g water suppln i y rural areas and to bring in cost effective science and technology inputs to improve the programme implementation. The primary objective of the programm s bee ha eprovido nt e safe drinking water free from chemical biologicad an l contamination additionn I . programme th , focusses eha n do healt eradicatiod han water-bornf no e diseases, water quality surveillance, training, research, health educatio awarenessd nan . e Missio1.0Th 2 n also launche e Centrallth d y sponsored Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986 with the objective of improving the quality of life of the rural people and to provide privacy and dignity to the women. This programme was intended to supplement the efforts of the States which were implementin e Rurath g l Sanitation Programme with then- own resources. The guidelines of the programme were circulated to all the State 1986n si . e implementatioth 1.0n I 3 e programmeth f no , e monitorinmucth f o h d gan evaluation of the present systems essentially focus on the quantitative progres f drinkinso g water installations (tha mainlo to t y frosupple mth y e programmeth sid f o e d achievinan ) r constructio e targefo gth t se t f o n Sanitary Latrines. There has been relatively no emphasis on looking at e systemth s fro poine mth f vie o t usef wo r satisfactio sustainabilitd nan y of operation and maintenance. 1.04 Also, since much of the reporting is based on reports from implementing agencies, ther participativlittlo s ei n r eo e monitorin user go r involvement. Thero measuremenn s i e f useo t r satisfactio e presenth n i n t system. These issues were discussed at a workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation held at New Delhi with Secretary, Department of Rural Development (DRD) and Director and Senior Officers of RGNDWM on 29th Dec. 1997. s feltwa durint I discussione gth s that ther neequics a e i r dfo k studo yt review of present status with reference to key issues in order to bring in change n strategi s d approachesan y e findingTh . s from suc a hstud y would be useful for Policy Formulation and Development of suitable monitoring systems. Om Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. 1.05 In this connection, M/s. Om Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd., (OMCI) submitted a proposal in Jan. '98 for undertaking Monitoring and Evaluation Stud sampla n yo e basis. Afte evaluatioe du r scrutind nan f yo the proposal the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission vide its letter Q-14019/42/97-TM(Stat) dated 18th March 1998 requested OMCo t I go ahead wit e State studth hth Andhrf en o yi a Pradesh e scopTh f .eo coverage as per the terms included conducting household survey on a sample basi sampl3 n si e Districts coverin habitation5 g1 s eac 15-2d han 5 household n eaci s h selected habitation e populatiobaseth n e o dth f o n habitation. 1.06 This report has been prepared based on extensive field data. collected e durindiscussionth e studth d g an y s wite e villagerth th h d an s implementing agency. 1.07 We wish to thank the Secretary, DRD, Govt. of India (GOI) and Director, RGNDWM for inviting us to carry out the study. We also thank the Principal Secretary, Rural Developmen Panchaya& t j (RD&PR)Ra t , Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Engineer-in-Chiefe th , , s stafPanchayar hi fo fd an j Ra t cooperatioe th n extended durin obligee studyr people ar gou th e o dW f t .e o stude th y habitation patientlr sfo y answerin e questionth o e fielgt th df so staff, without whose cooperation stude th , y woul t havdno e been completed on time. óm Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. 0 CURREN2. T GOVT. POLIC WATEE TH YN RI & SANITATION SECTOR Rural Water Supply 2.01 The Govt. of Andhra Pradesh (AP) has been giving high priority to both e wateth r suppl d sanitatioyan n sectors. Concerted efforts have been made to provide potable drinking water under the State Sector as well as unde e Centrath r l Sector programmes. Also, bilateral assistance from Netherland UNICEd san beinFs i g utilised. schemee 2.0Th 2 entrustee sar Panchayao dt Engineerinj Ra t g Departmenr fo t implementation e maintenancTh . l Ruraal f o el Water Supply schemes (excepting Hand Pump [HP]), rests wit Grae hth m Panchayate th r pe s sa Panchayat Raj Act. Recently, the Govt. of A.P. is testing on a pilot basis. Grae maintenance th th my b Panchayatss HP f eo . 2.03 As per the guidelines of the Technology Mission, the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh has set the norm of 40 LPCD as the basis for all the schemes. Ther three ear e type schemef so s wit followine hth g guideline eacr sfo h: •»• Piped Water Supply (PWS) schemes (Over Head Tank with distribution lines and Public Stand points) for habitations with populations exceeding 2000. *w Mini Water. Supply (MWS) schemes (consistin f Cisternso g r fo ) habitations wit hpopulatioa n between 100 2000d 0an . »*- Handpump habitatioa r sfo n with population less than 1000. 2.04 At the end of March '97, there were 380 "not covered", 38,752 "fully covered 30,60d "an 0 "partially covered" habitations emphasie Th . s given was mostly for PWS and MWS schemes so as to achieve the prescribed standard required, besides continuing with borewell programmese Th . d augmentatioan S wor f revivaMW ko d f scheme no an f defunc o l S sPW t are also being taken up. Consultantm ó s (India) Pvt. Ltd. Schemes under Bilateral assistance Integrate2.0n A 5 d Fluorosis Control Project, fundee Govtth Indif y o .b d aan UNICEF beins i , g implemente Anantapun di r District. e Netherland2.0Th 6 s Assisted Programme (NAP s underwai ) Prakasan i y m Nalgondd an a Districts. 2.07 It is proposed to go in for the World Bank assistance on a larger scale. Om Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. 0 OBJECTIVE3. SCOPS& E Objective objective 3.0 Th assignmene 1 th f eo assiso t s i t t RGNDW Mmakinn i gquica k d independenan t assessmen e currenth f o t t status with respece th o t t following aspects: DRINKING WATER (i) Present coverage status of the Rural Water Supply with special emphasi coverage th n so backwarf eo d classe sarea/ s (ii) Water quality problems and its coverage (iii) People's perception abou coverage th t e (iv) Community involvement in the planning and implementation of schemes (v) Operation and Maintenance status of the Water Supply Schemes (vi) Contribution by the users towards capital and recurring costs. SANITATION (i) Coverag sanitarf eo y latrine (ii) Perception about sanitary latrines (iii) Usag sanitarf eo y latrines (iv) Problem implementation si n 3.02 The study covered 45 habitations in 3 districts (15 habitations per district) e districtTh . s were selected base n scarcityo d , qualitd an y backward area characteristics. 0m Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. 4.0 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY e followin4.0Th 1 g phasewise approac methodologd han s adoptee ywa th r dfo stud systematia n yi organised can d manner. Plannin Preparatorg& y Phase »•»• Discussion with concerned nodal agenc State th n y ei / Distric Talu/ t k and collection of basic data (list of habitations, etc.) *w Detailed Planning »*- Finalisatio f surveo n y tools (household questionnaire, checklist, habitation profiles, etc.) »*• Training and orientation to field staff **- Computerised formattin householf go d questionnaire »*- Finalisation of methodology **• Selection of sample habitations Data Collection Phase »»- Primary data collection through household questionnaire (Annex -1) **• Secondary data collection through habitation profile (Annex - II) nr Group discussions »*- Participant observations Data Analysis Phase w Computerisatio householf no d survey data •»- Collatio analysid nan datf so a collected i*- Summarizin informatiof go n Report preparation Phase •*- Finalisation of report and submission to RGNDWM O in Consultants (India) 1'vl. Ltd. Table 4.1 - No. of Sample Habitations covered - By type of Habitation 30-, 25- No f Sampl.o e 15- Habitations 10- FC PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 NC Typ f Habitatioeo n Óm Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. Selection of Sample Districts 4.02 The sample districts for the study were selected based on the following criteria : - backwardness - water quality problems • ' - scarcit y• 4.03 e abovBaseth n eo d criteri e districtth a f Nalgondao s , Prakasad man Anantapur were selected. This was done in consultation with the Engineer-in-Chief and his staff of Panchayat Raj department.