S h a c k l e t o n P r o s p e c t o r A proposal for the Lunar Exploration Regolith Analysis (LERA) Mission Team Penguins Nathan Long Tony Nguyen Samuel Dowling Stevie Nuss-Soeharto Alain Haddad Maria Pantelidi Hyacinth Jimenez Nilkumar Shah Kit-Ho Kwok Ramez Wassef Submission for AIAA Undergraduate Space Design Competition, 2018 1 1 Acknowledgements This report could not have been completed without the efforts of other students and academics. We appreciate their hard work and are thankful for their good will to include their work in our submission. We would like to thank first and foremost, Professor Graham Dorrington and Professor Pier Marzocca, for their continuous support and encouragement. Both professors allowed for our ideas to mature into a complete concept we could be proud to submit. We would also like to thank Matthew Williamson for his contribution to the launcher segment and for completing the calculations for the orbital mechanics. All STK simulations and STK figures were produced by Matthew, and he has given explicit written consent for their use in this report for the AIAA Space Design Competition. The Falcon 9 CAD was taken from GrabCAD and modified by Johnathan O’Neil-Donnellon with full permission given by Johnathan to use his modified version for use in this report for the AIAA Space Design Competition. The penetrator design concept was contributed by an internal RMIT University design team (L1) in the mission trade off-study. 2 3 Contents 1 Acknowledgements 2 2 Acronyms 10 3 Executive Summary 12 4 LERA Mission 14 4.1 Motivation and Mission Objectives . 14 4.2 Mission Trade Study . 14 4.3 Mission Requirements . 17 4.4 System Breakdown Structure . 18 4.5 Cost Estimation . 19 4.5.1 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) . 19 4.5.2 Mission Insurance . 20 4.5.3 Mission Contingency Cost . 20 4.5.4 Requirement Compliance . 20 4.6 Mass Estimation . 21 4.7 Concept of Operations . 21 4.7.1 Telecommunications . 21 4.7.2 LERA-IB . 24 4.7.3 Mission Schedule . 24 4.8 Integration . 26 5 Science Investigation 27 5.1 Science Goals and Objectives . 27 5.1.1 Science Overview . 27 5.1.2 Specimen Analysis . 27 5.1.3 Objectives and Requirements . 28 5.2 Science Instrumentation . 32 5.2.1 Payload . 32 5.2.2 Mass Spectrometers . 32 5.2.3 Imaging Systems . 34 5.2.4 Instrument Testing, Integration, and Calibration . 39 5.3 Science Mission . 41 5.3.1 Pre lunar orbit . 41 4 5.3.2 Lunar orbit insertion . 41 5.3.3 Impacts 1 − 3 ....................................................... 42 5.3.4 Data collection & transfer . 42 5.3.5 Change in orbital plane . 42 5.3.6 Mission end . 42 6 Launch System 42 7 Mission Breakdown 44 7.1 LERA-O Mission Overview . 45 7.2 LERA-IB Mission Overview . 45 7.3 Trajectory Modeling . 46 8 LERA-O 47 8.1 Overview . 47 8.2 LERA-O System Architecture . 48 8.3 Structure . 49 8.3.1 Spacecraft Bus . 49 8.3.2 Thermal . 49 8.4 Propulsion . 49 8.4.1 Mission Requirements . 50 8.4.2 LERA-O Propellant Trade Study . 51 8.4.3 Propulsion System Summary . 53 8.4.4 Propellant Thermal Management . 55 8.4.5 Risks . 55 8.5 Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) . 55 8.5.1 Sensors . 58 8.5.2 Actuators . 60 8.5.3 ADCS Overview . 61 8.5.4 (Dv)Budget ........................................................ 61 8.5.5 Fuel Mass Estimation . 62 8.6 Command and Data Handling . 62 8.6.1 Hardware . 62 8.6.2 Software . 64 8.6.3 Risk Aversion . 64 8.6.4 Architecture . 64 5 8.7 Power................................................................ 65 8.7.1 Primary Power Source: Solar Panels . 66 8.7.2 Secondary Power Source: Li-Ion Batteries . 68 9 LERA-IB 69 9.1 LERA-IB System Architecture . 69 9.2 LERA-IB Requirements . 70 9.3 Target Characteristics . ..