Volume 10 - Issue 38 / February 2021 245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.38.02.24 Genre transformation in Simone de Beauvoir’s work “Force of Circumstance” Жанрова трансформація в роботі Сімони де Бовуар «Сила Обставин» Received: March 15, 2021 Accepted: April 12, 2021 Written by: Svitlana Kryvoruchko90 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-9258 Ilona Kostikova91 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-4846 Olena Gulich92 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3846-1916 Liudmyla Harmash93 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-3860 Iryna Rudnieva94 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-516X Abstract Анотація The publicity dominance is the characteristic of Публіцистична домінанта є ознакою мемуарів memoirs “Force of Circumstance” by Simone de Сімони де Бовуар «Сила обставин». Ідеї С. де Beauvoir. The idea of S. de Beauvoir influences Бовуар впливають на жанрову трансформацію. the genre transformation. The scientific problem Наукова проблема полягає у з’ясуванні is to clarify the specifics of a genre. The aim of специфіки жанру. Метою статті є висвітлення the article is to highlight the features of the специфіки жанрів роману, щоденника, genres in the novels, diaries, memoirs, interludes, спогадів, інтермедії, трагедії, комедії у жанрі tragedies, comedies as genre memoirs, to мемуарів, щоб краще зрозуміти ідеї understand better the ideas of the writer. The письменниці. У дослідженні методологія methodology is represented by a biographical представлена біографічним методом. method in the study. The most important findings Найважливіші досягнення наступні. Результат are as follows. The result is to interpret полягає в зображенні систематизованої, systematic, structured, orderly procedural структурованої, упорядкованої процесуальної writing activities. The attention is drawn to the діяльності письменниці. Звертається увага на writing process. Writing is a passion, mania, процес письма. Писати – це пристрасть, манія, which is causing an addiction. The meaning of яка викликає залежність. Сенс творчості – creativity is the knowledge of people, culture, знання людей, культури, історії, прогресу. history, progress. Genre transformations are the Жанрова трансформація потрібна для basis for explaining the problem in the work: the порушення проблеми твору: діяльність митця artist's activity and her place in the history. The та його місце в історії. Екзистенційний страх existential fear of death is a central part of literary смерті є центральною частиною літературного existentialism. The writer embodied the death екзистенціалізму. Страх перед смертю fear in her own works. письменниця втілила у власних творах. 90 Doctor of Science in Philology, Ph. D in Philology, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Literature and Slavic Languages, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine. 91 Doctor of Science in Education, Ph. D in Philology, Ph. D in Education, Full Professor, Head of Department of Theory and Practice of the English Language, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine. 92 Ph. D in Philology, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and Practice of the English Language, H.S.Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine. 93 Doctor of Science in Philology, Ph. D in Philology, Full Professor, L.V. Ushkalov Department of Ukrainian and World Literature, H.S.Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine. 94 Ph. D in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of German and French Languages, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine. http:// www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322 - 6307 Kryvoruchko, S., Kostikova, I., Gulich, O., Harmash, L., Rudnieva, I. / Volume 10 - Issue 38: 245-251 / February, 2021 246 Key Words: S. de Beauvoir, genre, freedom, Ключові слова: С. Де Бовуар, жанр, свобода, choice problem, image writer. проблема вибору, образ митця. Introduction The genre is defined as an established type of The attempts to analyze S. de Beauvoir’s creative creativity in the literature theory. However, in path (Bergoffen, 2002), the establishment of her literature evolution, the variability of genre can place in the literature history, the identification of be traced due to historical conditions. The XX th a problematic range of works, features of the century is characterized by genre mixing, image of nature (Bertozzi, 2007), linguistic transformation. It depends on the idea that an author's manner, the themes of death are reflected author wants to express. The work by the French (Bair, 1991). They have appeared since the writer Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) ‘Force 1950's and ending with the present. The real of Circumstance’ written in 1963 was defined as interest in the poetry of S. de Beauvoir’s prose memoirs by genre (Beauvoir, 1963). Genre of arises only in the 90’s of the twentieth century memoirs was formed on the verge of epic and (Bouchardeau, 2007). Two works are dedicated lyric literature. The features of historical prose, to her literary creativity and existentialism: scientific literature, biographies, documents, ‘Simon de Beauvoir’s works: the evolution of art essays, notes, diaries can be revealed in memoirs. images’ and ‘Simon de Beauvoir’s creativity in The scientific problem is to understanding genre the context of literary existentialism of the mid- connotations in the work by S. de Beauvoir twentieth century’ (Kryvoruchko, 2012), ‘Force of Circumstance’. It makes it possible to (Kryvoruchko, 2014). clarify how a genre-specific individual variant is formed under the influence of the ideas that the The “correlation” of S. de Beauvoir’s work with writer wants to reveal, as well as what makes a the ‘general’ is important. This allows a better style. understanding of the ‘differential features’ of the “special” and the individual in the achievements Literature Review of the writer. We trace the transformation of the genre on the basis of the typology. This is the The analysis of the work “Force of synthesis of epic and lyrical genera, which Circumstance” is implemented according to the combines novel, drama and lyrics (Seltzer, phenomenon of literary existentialism (Barrett, 2007), (Cohen, Menschenfreund, 2008), 1962). The works of S. de Beauvoir often attract (Sandrine, 2010). Thus, we are aware of the researchers and readers mainly as a reflection of genesis of the work of S. de Beauvoir (Tidd, the writer's feminist views (Celeux, 1986), while 1999). her works are a complex genre creation (Bergoffen, 1997). The poetry of essay genre Outside the researchers’ interest, there was an combines epic, drama and lyrics (Harmash, understanding of genre specifics (Kostikova, Kholodniak, Kryvoruchko, Razumenko, & Вozhko, Razumenko, & Goloborodko, 2020). Razumenko, 2019). The characters’ existences Therefore, an interpretation of the genre are reflected in their empirical experience, which transformation in the memoirs ‘Force of unfolds in the artistic space. Circumstance’ is vital. The leading issue in the study of the writer’s The purpose of the article is to investigate the heritage is the recoding of her work for a better genre specifics in the memoirs by S. de Beauvoir understanding of the poetics of literary ‘Force of Circumstance’ (1963) in terms of existentialism (Ageeva, 1994). The study of the genres. It allows showing the harmonious genre specificity of the memoirs ‘Force of combination of conceptual features of certain Circumstance’ allows us, in our opinion, to genres in her work. It is necessary to use a expand the notion of the typology of literary biographical method with some dominants such existentialism (Scholz, Mussett, 2005). It as the author as a subject of consciousness, to manifests itself through the variability of the understand: the artist's mission is a creative historic epoch of the mid-twentieth century, process (Calderon, 2003). which is a transition that combines the modern denial of normative content and postmodern As for the purpose set, we distinguish the propensity to genre mixing. following tasks: to show the features of different genres which were reflected in the memoirs, how it is revealed the mood, some disappointing www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322 - 6307 Volume 10 - Issue 38 / February 2021 247 ideas, characters, and the specifics of the writer's forms a model of a certain type, which is inherent work. in the integrity, defined transformation and intuitive (author–author), sometimes Methodology communicative (author – reader) self-regulation. The structure is not deduced in the content by S. We involved biographical method in the study. de Beauvoir, but it is concealed, prompting a The biographical method allows us to take into reader to intellectual work. account the ideas of the era through S. de Beauvoir’s diaries, memoirs, the environment The memoirs Force of Circumstance consist of influence, social attitudes, etc. Also, the two parts ‘After the War’ and ‘Hard Times’ biographical method is used to characterize the ending with an epilogue, which occupies a place work “Force of Circumstance” by Simone de of conclusions. The parts are divided into Beauvoir and her life as the writer. The life of Chapters, which, in turn, accommodate Subunits. Simone de Beauvoir through biographical works In addition to dividing into Chapters and makes up a large share in the work, but the work Subunits, the Diary (an interdisciplinary and itself is much deeper and wider than her separate adjacent formation) is introduced into the text biography, since it is the concentrated expression and the Interlude (the subgenre of a dramatic