CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING. TRANSMEDIA TELEVISION Oto Dudáček Per citar o enllaçar aquest document: Para citar o enlazar este documento: Use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670297 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. 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Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. DOCTORAL THESIS CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING TRANSMEDIA TELEVISION Oto Dudáček 2018 DOCTORAL THESIS CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING TRANSMEDIA TELEVISION Oto Dudáček 2018 JOINT DOCTORAL PROGRAME IN LAW, ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS Supervised by: Dra. Maria del Carmen Echazarreta Soler Tutor: Dra. Maria del Carmen Echazarreta Soler Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a doctoral degree from the University of Girona Dra. Maria del Carmen Echazarreta Soler, of University of Girona, Department of Philology and Communication I DECLARE: That the thesis titles Contemporary trends in transmedia storytelling. Transmedia television, presented by Oto Dudáček to obtain a doctoral degree, has been completed under my supervision and meets the requirements to opt for an International Doctorate. For all intents and purposes, I hereby sign this document. Signature Girona, 02.12.2018 Abstract Transmedia storytelling is a process where integral elements of a fiction are systematically broaden through a number of distribution channels in order to create a coordinated form of entertainment. With each new medium accessible to the mass users has caused the change of storytelling. Transmedia stories are based not on individual characters or specific plots but rather complex fictional worlds which can sustain multiple interrelated characters and their stories. The questions regarding future trends and future development of this field should be answered as the results of the thesis. Key words: transmedia, storytelling, entertainment, medium, user, story, plot, story world, character, future trend 4 Acknowledgements On this spot, I would like to thank my supervisor and tutor Mrs. Maria del Carmen ECHAZARRETA SOLER for her best piece of advice and inspiring and thought-provoking consultations, as well as for her valuable remarks and comments, which helped me to focus on my work in this direction. She has been with me from the beginning and I admire that she was always thoughtful and insightful, encouraging and unfailingly wise. When I have a think what she has done for me, I feel that I am a lucky one, that I entered her office on 24. October for the first meeting and consultation. I would also like to express inexpressible thank you to scholars and audio visual experts for their time and willingness to provide me with an interview and share their experience and knowledge. Special thanks goes to: Claudio ZAMBIANCHI, University of Rome – La Sapienza; Barbara MAIO, University of Roma Tre; Paolo PEVERINI, University Guido Carli LUISS; Nicoletta IACOBACCI, European Broadcasting Union; Max Giovagnoli, the premier transmedia storyteller and researcher; Marta PERROTTA University of Rome Tre; Paolo SORDI, University of Roma - Tor Vergata; Riccardo FINOCCHI, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio and Robert PRATTEN, transmedia consultant and founder of Transmedia Storyteller Ltd. I would like to express my big thank you also to representatives of my Alma mater – University of Girona, for the chance, opportunity and trust they put in me. 5 Table of contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ 5 Table of contents .................................................................................................................... 6 Index of figures ....................................................................................................................... 9 Index of tables ...................................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 12 1.1 Proposed objectives and problems to be analysed ........................................................... 13 1.2 Methods .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Data gathering ................................................................................................................ 14 1.2.2 Interviews with scholars and audio visual experts ........................................................... 14 1.2.3 Focus group .................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.4 Analysis of transmedia trends in Slovakia ........................................................................ 18 1.2.5 Case study ....................................................................................................................... 18 2. Concepts and related definitions .................................................................................. 19 2.1 Terminology ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Evolution of mass media .................................................................................................. 21 2.3 Changes in television production and evolution of transmediality .................................... 26 2.4 Multimedia and multimediality ........................................................................................ 29 2.5 Hypertext and hypertextuality .......................................................................................... 30 2.6 Hypermedia and hypermediality ...................................................................................... 32 2.7 Intermedia and intermediality .......................................................................................... 33 2.8 Remediation .................................................................................................................... 34 2.9 Cross-media and cross-mediality ...................................................................................... 35 2.10 Transmedia and transmediality................................................................................. 37 2.10.1 Shift of audience to engagement .............................................................................. 43 2.10.2 Activator of collective intelligence ............................................................................ 44 2.10.3 Viewer rivalry with the author .................................................................................. 45 2.10.4 From consumer to produser ....................................................................................