NASA Technical Memorandum 104278 An Electronic Workshop on the Performance Seeking Control and Propulsion Controlled Aircraft Results of the F-15 Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control Flight Research Program Proceedings of the Electronic Workshop Compiled by: Sheryll Goecke Powers 1995 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center Edwards, California 93523-0273 CONTENTS PREFACE ...................................................................... v r,,_,/ ABSTRACT .................................................................... vi_,, NOMENCLATURE ............................................................. vi , An Overview of Integrated Flight-Propulsion Controls Flight Research on the NASA F-15 Research Airplane ..................................................... 1-:'_ Frank W. Burcham Jr., Donald H. Gatlin, and James F. Stewart // NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA l \ F-15 Research Program References ................................................ 16!__) Performance Seeking Control Session Information and Agenda ......................... 29 - :/_//_ Performance Seeking Control Program Overview .................................... 31 "-.,___ John S. Orme, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA F-15 Propulsion System .......................................................... 37 - _" Mark Bushman, Pratt & Whitney Government Products Company, West Palm Beach, FL Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO PSC Algorithm Description ....................................................... 41._ _ Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO PSC Implementation and Integration oeeeeeeoeeee Jeo*eeeeetee Jeoeo*eeeoeeeo.eoeoooee 61 Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO Minimum Fuel Mode Evaluation .................................................. 90 - C John S. Orme, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO Minimum Fan Turbine Inlet Temperature Mode Evaluation ........................... 99 - ",) John S. Orme, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO Maximum Thrust Mode Evaluation ............................................... 111 - John S. Orme, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO Rapid Deceleration Mode Evaluation .............................................. 121 Timothy R. Conners, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO John S. Orme, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA °.. 111 Thrust Stand Test .............................................................. 12/9 Timothy R. Conners, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA _lt ' Steven G. Nobbs, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, MO Performance Seeking Control Excitation Mode ..................................... 133_ Gerard Schkolnik, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA PSC Asymmetric Thrust Alleviation Mode .................................... 14_ Timothy R. Conners, NASA Dryden Flight Rese_ch Center, Edwards, CA iCOn t, Summary ..................................................................... 146 John S. Orme, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA _ ] PCA Session Information ........................................................ 1_7 Background and Principles of Throttles-Only Flight Control .......................... 159 t_ Frank W. Burcham Jr., NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA i/t Propulsion Controlled Aircraft Design and Development ............................. 170 Edward A. Wells and James M. Urnes, Sr., McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, /_ New Aircraft & Missile Products, St. Louis, MO Flight Test of a Propulsion Controlled Aircraft System on the NASA F-15 Airplane ....... 193, Frank W. Burcham Jr. and Trindel A. Maine, /// NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Dynamic Ground Effects Flight Test of the NASA F-15 Airplane ....................... 222_ Stephen Corda, PRC Inc., Edwards, CA ]_._ Mark T. Stephenson and Frank W. Burcham Jr., NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Design Challenges Encountered in the F-15 PCA Flight Test Program .................. 229 Trindel A. Maine and Frank W. Burcham Jr., t (¢ NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA Peter Schaefer, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA John Burken, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA F-15 PCA Conclusions and Lessons Learned ........................................ 245 Frank W. Burcham Jr., NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA iv PREFACE In the early 1980' s, the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center began conducting propulsion control flight research using the Dryden F-15 airplane. The flight research began with the Digital Electronic En- gine Control (DEEC) program. The DEEC system provided a platform and an opportunity to study ad- vanced engine control modes. The capabilities of the DEEC led to the series of experiments conducted under the program name Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control (HIDEC). The final two experi- ments in the HIDEC program were Performance Seeking Control (PSC) and Propulsion Controlled Air- craft (PCA). In September 1994, the results of these two experiments were presented in an electronic workshop. The electronic workshop was accessible to anyone with a suitable computer, World Wide Web (WWW) access, and an appropriate browser such as Mosaic. The "on-line" feature of the workshop oc- curred during September, 1994. During this on-line time, the authors responded to questions and com- ments. After September, the workshop, including questions and responses, was available as an archived workshop accessible through the Dryden WWW home page and as a compact disk (CD). The uniform resource locator (URL) address through the NASA Dryden home page is: http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/dryden.html For those without an appropriate browser, the workshop papers were accessed using an anonymous file transfer protocol (FTP) server at: ftp.dfrc.nasa.gov, in the directory pub/workshop/HIDEC The file README. 1st explained what was available. The electronic workshop had an overview paper, a session for the PSC experiment, and a session for the PCA experiment. The overview summarized the experiments that were conducted on the Dryden F- 15 airplane during the last 12 years of its flight history. A bibliography of all papers and reports from the F- 15 project is included. The workshop papers in the PSC and PCA sessions describe the design, develop- ment, and flight test results. The PCA session also included four videos that showed a Manual Throttles- Only Approach; the First PCA-Controlled Landing; an Upset, PCA Recovery and Descent; and a PCA Final Approach. The papers for the electronic workshop were prepared in the same manner as for a typical workshop but were then converted to an electronic format. In the electronic format, each page of a paper was in a separate file. Each file included the "page" for that paper inserted into a standardized template. Template information included the paper title, page title, information on how to navigate around the workshop, and the author's name and e-mail address. When printed, a file usually required two sheets of paper. Two dif- ferent electronic presentation formats were tried. For presentation Forrnat l, the graphics (data figures, block diagrams, drawings, photographs, etc.) and descriptive text for that graphics were converted as one unit (or page) into a GIF graphic format. This meant that when viewed and printed, the graphics and de- scriptive text were treated as one unit. For presentation Format2, the graphics portion of each page was converted into the GIF graphic format and the descriptive text into an electronic text format. This meant that when viewed and printed, the graphics were treated as a unit and the descriptive text was treated as regular text. The reason for the above explanation is that the print quality of a graphics file is very V dependent on the resolution of the monitor and the printer. This is particularly apparent for the descriptive text which is treated as graphics in Formatl. Because a page was prepared and converted as a unit for Formatl, pages prepared for Format 1 were easy to print in the pre-converted version. The print quality of the text and graphics was very good for the pre-converted version. The pages that were prepared for the electronic workshop using Formatl are printed from pre-convert- ed version pages. The pages prepared using Format2 are printed using pages printed from the electronic workshop. Because of the standardized template, most of the pages that used Format2 required two sheets of paper. Some of these second sheets only listed the author and/or e-mail address. These sheets are not included in this paper version of the TM. The videos in the PCA session are included on the CD but not in this paper version of the TM. ABSTRACT Flight research for the F- 15 HIDEC (Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control) program was com- pleted at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in the fall of 1993. The flight research conducted during the last two years of the HIDEC program included two principal experiments: (1) Performance Seeking Control (PSC); an adaptive, real-time, on-board optimization of engine, inlet, and horizontal tail position on the F-15, and (2) Propulsion Controlled Aircraft