^S^^rO^" (5^wi , N Digitized by^he Internet Arciiive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.arcliive.org/details/appliedanatomyofOOmilliala APPLIED ANATOMY OF THE LYMPHATICS' ^,<' BY u. F<T. MILLARD, D. O. TORONTO Author of Poliomyelitis; Founder and President of The National League for the Prevention of Spinal Curvature; Founder and President of the International Lymphatic Society, and Editor OF A Quarterly Journal published by the Lymphatic Research Society; Anatomical Artist; Originator of Water-marked Spine in Stationery for the Osteopathic Profession, Etc., Etc. EDITED BY A. G. WALMSLEY, D.O. Collaborator with Dr. Millard in Producing Poliomyelitis; Editor OF Applied Anatomy of the Spine by H. V. Hat^laday; Secretary OF The National League for the Prevention of Spinal Curvature; Associate Editor of the Osteopathic Magazine and the Spinal League Journal. Published under the Auspices of the International Lj^mphatic Research Society and Copyrighted by this Society, 1922 THE JOURNAL PRINTING COMPANY KiRKSviLLE, Missouri ) lax LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS R. M. Ashley, D. O. John H. Bailey, D, O. Evelyn R. Bush, D. O. H. L. Collins, D. O. J. Deason, M. S., D. O. Edwin Martin Downing, D O, James D. Edwards, D. O., M. D. George M. Laughlin, M. S., D. O. Glenn S. Moore, D. O. C. C. Reid, D. O., M. D. C. Paul Snyder, D. O. « Thoracic Duct Affectionately Dedicated To My Friend Carl P. McConnell, D. O. CONTENTS Preface 9 Introduction 11 Editor's Preface 15 CHAPTER ONE The Lymphatic System: A General Outline of Its Applied Anatomy. A New Method of Diagnosing Various Diseases by Palpating Lymphatic Glands. A Lymphatic Examination. Venous Stasis and Lymph Blockage. CHAPTER TWO Applied Anatomy of the Lymphatics op the Head and Neck. Lymphatics of the Tongue. Lymphatics of the ThjToid Region. Lymphatics of the Larynx and Trachea. Lymphatics of the Tonsils. Lymphatics of the Teeth and Gums. Pyorrhea, Lymphatically Considered. CHAPTER THREE Applied Anatomy of the Lymphatics op the Head and Neck in Relation to Acute Poliomyelitis. CHAPTER FOUR Lymphatics of the Thorax. Lymphatics of the Lungs and Pleura. Lymphatics of the Axillary Region. Lym- phatics of the Heart and Pericardium. Lymphatics of the Esophagus. CHAPTER FIVE Lymphatics of the Abdominal and Pel\'ic Regions. Lymphatics of the Diaphragm. Lymphatics of the Liver. Lymphatics of the Stomach and Intestines. Lymphatics of the Kidneys. Lymphatics of the Pelvic Region. CHAPTER SIX Vaccines and Serums. Vaccines and Serums in Relation to the LjTnphatic System. Vaccination and the LjTnphatics. CHAPTER SEVEN The Origin and Functions of the Lymphatic System. Edwin Martin Downing, D. O. Importance of the Lymphatics. The Volume of L>Tnph. Development of Lym- phatics. Anatomy of Lymphatic System. I^ymphatics of the Intestines. The Nerve Supply. The Movement of the Lymph. Functions of the Nodes. Lymph and the Endocrines. Transubstantiation in the Lymph-Stream. The Lymph and Nutrition. The Commissary Department. The Lymph in Orthopedic Surgery. To Stimulate Lj^mph Flow. To Increase the Volume of Lymph. —5— —— 6 Lymphatics CHAPTER EIGHT Blood Chemistry R. M. Ashley, D. O. The Importance of a Blood Examination. Blood Analysis to Differentiate the Dif- ferent Forms of Diabetes. Inter-Relationship of the Spleen and Stomach. The Spleen and Digestion. Hodgkin's Disease. Acidosis. The Prevention of Acidosis. Cardiac Dyspnea. Non-Protein Nitrogen in Blood (NPN). CHAPTER NINE The Effects of Exercise on the Lymphatics. Evelyn R. Bush, D. O. Exercise Necessary to Maintain Normal Circulation. The Heart Gains by Exer- cise. Exercise Makes for Efficiency. The Flexibility of Youth May be Retained by Proper Exercise. Activity is Life. Most Diseases are Benefited by Exer- cise. Exercise Promotes Normal Ljinphatic Circulation. CHAPTER TEN Part One—Lymphatic Glands of the Neck. H. L. Collins, D. O. Groupings of Lymphatic Glandular Enlargements of the Neck: Group One—Non- Tubercular Cervical Adenitis. Group Two—^Tubercular Cervical Adenitis or Scrofulous Neck Swellings. Group Three—Lymphatic Enlargements as a Re- sult of Old Syphilitic Infection. Group Four—Hodgkin's Disease or Pseudo- leukemia. Group Five—Cystic Lymphangioma. Part Two The Lymphatics of the Chest. C. Paul Snyder, D. O. The Workings of the Lymphatics of the Chest. Interesting Drainage of Lymphat- ics of Pleura. Poirier's Explanation of the Frequency of Pleurisy. Treatment for Drainage and Circulation of the Thorax. To Promote Vasodilatation. CHAPTER ELEVEN Part One—Lymphatics of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. C. C. Reid, D. O. A General Description of Lymphatic System. Seven Large Lymphatic Stems. Lym- phatic Notlcs of the Head and Neck. Part Two Lymphatics of the Eye and Ear. Glenn S. Moore, D. O. The Importance of Lymph Drainage. The Eye. Gkucoma. Triple Lymphatic Drainage of the Eye. The Ear. Summary. CHAPTER TWELVE Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck. J. Deason, M. S., D. O. Physiologic Properties of Lymph. General Anatomy. Groups of Deep Cer\'ical Glands. Postpharj-ngeal Lj-mph Glands. Anterior Pharyngeal Lymph Glands. Tonsils and Lymph Drainage. Tubercular Tonsillitis. Contents 7 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Finger Surgery in the Treatment of the Lymphatics of the Eye, Eak, Nose AND Throat. James D. Edwards, D. 6., M. D. Lymph Drainage of the EyeHds. The Ocular Ljinphatics. Lymphatics of the Aur- icle and External Auditory Canal. Finger Surgery of the Auditory Lymphatics. The Eustachian Lymphatics. Finger Surgery of the Eustachian Lymphatics. Lyrr phatics of the Nasal Cavity. Finger Surgery of the Nasal Lymphatics. Lymph Drainage of the Oral Cavity. Finger Surgery of the Oral liymphaties. The LjTnph Drainage of the Larj'nx. CHAPTER FOURTEEN A Consideration of the Lymphatics of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat in Health and Disease John H. Bailey, D. O. Lymphatics of the Nose. Tuberculosis Prevented by a Healthy Nose. Suppurative Rhinitis a Serious Svmptom. Wonderful Mechanism of Drainage in Normal Sinuses. A Normal Pharynx is to the Child What a Normal Nose is to the Adult. Drainage of the Pharynx, Nose and Ear. Osteopathy for School Children. Normal and Abnormal Adenoid Tissue. Normal Tonsils Closely Related to Immunity. When to Suspect "Adenoids." Symptoms of Adenoids. Opera- tion for Removal of Adenoids. The Lingual Tonsils. The Faucial Tonsils. The Tonsil has a Wide Range of Motion and is Not Firmly Bound Down to the Sinus Tonsillaris. Tonsillectomy May be Avoided by Freeing the Phca and Training the Crypts. Relation of Tonsils to Deafness. Every Inflamed Ton- sil Should be Accurately Diagnosed and Adequately Treated. When to Advise Operation. Improving the Drainage trom the Tonsil. Tonsillar and Periton- sillar Abscess. Treatment of Pyorrhea. Edema of the Larynx. Mucous Membrane of the Tympanum or Middle Ear. Acute Otitis Media. The Nose and the Sinuse3 in Eye Conditions. Manipulations of the Eyeball and Adjacent Structures. CHAPTER FIFTEEN The Relation of the Lymphatics to Infections and to Malignancy. Geo. M. LaughHn, M. S., D. O. The Lymph Glands a Defensive Mechanism. Case Report No. 1—Infection of Right Elbow Due to Infected Tonsils. Case Report No. 2—Persistent Swelling of Neck Glands Requiring Surgical Treatment. Do Not Manipulate Enlarged LjTnph Glands. Case Report No. 3—Injury of Leg Which Later Became In- fected Through the Blood Stream. Inguinal Lj-mphatic Involved. Case Re- port No. 4 —Deep External Iliac L\TTiph Glands so Enlarged as to be Mistaken for Fibroid Tumor of I'terus. Cured by Incision and Drainage. Case Report No. c—Sarcoma of Hip. Secondary Involvement of Adjacent Lj'mph Glands. Case Report No. 6—Removal of Breast Due to Broken Down Cyst. Ljinph Glands Infected Secondarily. Interesting Case of Carcinoma of Breast in Wom- an Sixty Years of Age. Case Report No. 7—Inoperable Case of Carcinoma of Stomach. Adjacent Lymph Glands Enlarged. Case Report No. 8—Carci- nomatous Obstruction of Bowel. Mesenteric Lj-mph Nodes Enlarged. The Author F. P. MII.l.AHD, D. O. PREFACE Realizing that we are writing upon a subject that in some respects is new to the world, we enter upon the discussion of the lymphatic sys- tem in a spirit of respect for the field of thought that lefiects research activity. As far as we know, this is the first comprehensive attempt that has been made to outline a method of diagnosis by palpation of the lymph nodes of the body. We desire in this treatise to emphasize, first, the applied anatomy of the lymphatics, second to demonstrate the possibility of determining the stage diseased organs and tissues are in through a method of palpation of lymph nodules at strategic points, and third to outline a method of clearing the system of toxic products through specific work on nerve centres that directly and indirectly reach the lyluphatic nodules and vessels. The text books on anatomy so far have given but meagre information on this great system, and physiolo- gists give us little to go by in touching upon the function of this sub- sidiary system of circulation, that is, in reality, of more significance in some respects than that of the vascular system conveying the great blood stream. We have been fortunate in securing a number of specialists to assist in giving their experiences in dealing with this system, as applied to specialized areas. They have noted certain findings in their research work, and have collected data, and have written for this book such facts as they can corroborate in their daily clinic work as specialists. It is hoped that this little book will be welcomed by those who are students of the human body, as all physicians should be, and that within a few years at the most we can add much to our findings, and record them in a new edition, that will be much larger and more .complete. In making the original drawings to illustrate the text, the author has had no precedent, in many instances, and has had to rely upon dis- sections and in some instances autopsies.