Archive ofIran. SID J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1–29 Received: January 5, 2018 © 2018 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: March 1, 2018 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v5i1.267 http://www.ijichthyol.org Review Article Cyprinodontid fishes of the world: an updated list of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Teleostei: Cyprinodontoidea) Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Tayebeh ASRAR1, Ali GHOLAMIFARD2 1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran. Email: [email protected] Abstract: This checklist aims to list all the reported cyprinodontid fishes (superfamily Cyprinodontoidea/pupfishes) of the world. It lists 141 species in 8 genera and 4 families. The most diverse family is Cyprinodontidae (54 species, 38%), followed by Orestiidae (45 species, 32%), Aphaniidae (39 species, 28%), and Cubanichthyidae (3 species, 2%). Among 141 listed species, 73 (51.8%) species are Not Evaluated (NE), 15 (10.6%) Least Concern (LC), 9 (6.4%) Vulnerable (VU), 3 (2.1%) Data Deficient (DD), 11 (7.8%) Critically Endangered (CR), 4 (2.8%) Near Threatened (NT), 18 (12.8%) Endangered (EN), 3 (2.1%) Extinct in the Wild (EW) and 5 (3.5%) Extinct of the Red List of IUCN. They inhabit in the fresh, brackish and marine waters of the United States, Middle America, the West Indies, parts of northern South America, North Africa, the Mediterranean Anatolian region, coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and Makran Sea (Oman Sea), the northern Arabian Sea east to Gujarat in India, and some endorheic basins of Iran, Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula. Keywords: Biodiversity, Conservation, Checklist, Cyprinodontiformes. Citation: Esmaeili, H.R., Asrar, T. & Gholamifard, A. 2018. Cyprinodontid fishes of the world: an updated list of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Teleostei: Cyprinodontoidea). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(1): 1-29. Introduction Cyprinodontidae (Parenti 1981; Nelson et al. 2016). Cyprinodontoid fishes (superfamily Cyprinodontoid- However, there have been controversial debates ea/pupfishes) are a diverse superfamily of Cyprinod- about the family group names of fishes placed in ontiformes inhabiting fresh, brackish and coastal Cyprinodontidae. According to Nelson et al. (2016) marine waters of the United States, Middle America, Cyprinodontidae family comprises two subfamilies the West Indies, parts of northern South America, Cubanichthyinae (one genus, Cubanichthys, with two North Africa, the Mediterranean Anatolian region, species) and Cyprinodontinae [with two tribes, coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and Makran (Oman) Orestiini (with two genera of Aphanius and Orestias) Sea, the northern Arabian Sea east to Gujarat in India, and Cyprinodontini (with 6 genera, Cualac, and some endorheic basins of Iran, Pakistan and the Cyprinodon, Floridichthys, Garmanella, Jordanella, Arabian Peninsula (see Nelson et al. 2016; Esmaeili and Megupsilon)]. Eschmayer et al. (2018) included et al. 2017a; Freyhof et al. 2017a). Based on members of the family Cyprinodontidae in 4 morphological characters, all members of this subfamilies, Cubanichthyinae (3 species), Cypri- superfamily were placed in a single family, nodontinae (54 species), Orestiinae (46 species), and 1 www.SID.ir Archive of SID Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29 Aphaniinae (38 species). Freyhof et al. (2017b), 18 (12.8%) Endangered (EN), 3 (2.1%) Extinct in the based on concepts proposed by Parenti (1981), Costa Wild (EW) and 5 (3.5%) Extinct of the Red List of (2015), Pohl et al. (2015), Helmstetter et al. (2016) IUCN (Fig. 2). and Reznick et al. (2017) considered all the cyprinodontid fishes in 4 families: Aphaniidae (with Superfamily Cyprinodontoidea 1 genus, Aphanius), Cubanichthyidae (with 1 genus, Family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (1 genus and 39 Cubanichthys), Cyprinodontidae (with 5 genera, species) Cualac, Cyprinodon, Floridichthys, Jordanella and Genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 Megupsilon) and Orestiidae (with 1 genus, Orestias). Aphanius Nardo [G. D.] 1827:34, 39-40. Masc. Here, we follow Freyhof et al. (2017b) and also Aphanius nanus Nardo, 1827. Type by subsequent Bragança et al. (2018). designation. Also in Isis, v. 20:482 (seen). Type designated by Jordan 1917:121. Proposal submitted Materials and Methods to the ICZN to conserve this name (Kottelat & This checklist has been compiled from the works Wheeler 2001:110); conserved in Opinion 2057. listed in the references (see selected bibliography, Name was placed on the Official List of Specific e.g., Miller 1943, 1948, 1956, 1968, 1976; Names in Zoology (Opinion 2057). Tchernavin 1944; Humphries & Miller 1981; Comment: Lebias Goldfuss [G. A.] 1820. Masc. Lauzanne 1981; Parenti 1981, 1984; Coad 1988, Lebias fasciata Valenciennes 1821. Type by 2009; Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1993; subsequent designation. Formerly placed in the Cruz-Jofré et al. 2013; Costa 2015; Esmaeili et al. genera Lebias Goldfuss, 1820 or Cyprinodon 2012, 2014, 2017; Gholami et al. 2014; Teimori et al. Lacepède, 1809. 2011, 2012, 2014; Freyhof et al. 2017a, b; Eschmeyer et al. 2018) and material deposited in the ZM-CBSU, 1. Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat, Barbieri & Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection Stoumboudi, 2007 of Biology Department, Shiraz. Genera and species Aphanius almiriensis, Kottelat [M.], Barbieri [R.] & were arranged alphabetically; scientific names and Stoumboudi [M. T.] 2007:15, figs. 1-2 (left) [Revue authorities were corroborated following Eschmeyer Suisse de Zoologie v. 114 (no. 1)]. et al. (2018). English/common names are given. The EN: Almiri tooth-carp. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was followed Type locality: Brackish water spring Kokosi at to show conservation status of each species. southern end of Almiri beach, at Kato Almiri, about 4 kilometers south of Loutra Elenis, 37°50'32"N, Results 23°00'58"E, Korinthia District, Peloponnese, Greece. The cyprinodontid fishes (superfamily Cyprinod- Holotype: MHNG 2654.087. ontoidea/pupfishes) of the world comprise 141 Distribution: Greece. species in 8 genera and 4 families (Fig. 1). The most IUCN: Critically Endangered. diverse family is Cyprinodontidae (54 species, 38%), followed by Orestiidae (45 species, 32%), 2. Aphanius anatoliae (Leidenfrost, 1912) Aphaniidae (39 species, 28%), and Cubanichthyidae Cyprinodon anatoliae, Leidenfrost [G.] 1912:159, (3 species, 2%). Among 141 listed species, 73 fig. 1, p. 130 of Hungarian text [Allatani (51.8%) species are Not Evaluated (NE), 15 (10.6%) Közlemények, Budapest. v. 11]. Least Concern (LC), 9 (6.4%) Vulnerable (VU), 3 EN: Lake Tuz tooth-carp. (2.1%) Data Deficient (DD), 11 (7.8%) Critically Type locality: Near the village Jazla Jayla, near the Endangered (CR), 4 (2.8%) Near Threatened (NT), Kradzsa Da mountain, Asia Minor. 2 www.SID.ir Archive of SID Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world Fig.1. Number of fish species in different families. Fig.2. Percentage of fish species in different IUCN categories. Distribution: Turkey. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4307 (12), ZMB 3497 (2). IUCN: Near Threatened. EN: Algerian tooth-carp, Atlaskaerpfling Type locality: Springs of Tell, south of Constantine, 3. Aphanius apodus (Gervais, 1853) Algeria. Telliaapoda, Gervais [F. L. P.] 1853:15 [Annales des Distribution: Algeria. Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 3) v. 19]. IUCN: Data Deficient. 3 www.SID.ir Archive of SID Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29 4. Aphanius arakensis Teimori, Esmaeili, Gholami, Type locality: Spring in Sandarémek village, Evérek, Zarei & Reichenbacher, 2012 Asia Minor. Syntypes: BMNH 1896.1.29.1-5 (5). Aphanius arakensis, Teimori [A.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Distribution: Central Turkey [if valid]. Gholami [Z.], Zarei [N.] & Reichenbacher [B.] IUCN: Least Concern. 2012:62, figs. 2A, B, 5 [ZooKeys No. 215]. Remarks: The validity of this species is under EN: Arak tooth-carp. question. It might be considered as synonym of Type locality: Small pond, Namak Lake basin, Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger 1890) (see Huber 34°00'N, 49°50'E, 5 km southeast of the city of Arak, 2015; Freyhof et al. 2017b). Iran, elevation 1786 meters. Holotype: ZM-CBSU 10999. 8. Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger, 1890) Distribution: Namak Lake basin, Iran. Cyprinodon danfordii, Boulenger [G. A.] 1890:169 IUCN: Not Evaluated. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 32) (art. 19)]. 5. Aphanius asquamatus (Sözer, 1942) EN: Sultan Sazlığı tooth-carp. Kosswigichthys asquamatus, Sözer [F.] 1942:308, Type locality: Albistan [= Elbistan-Kahramanm- fig. 2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de aras], Asia. Lectotype: BMNH 1879.6.7.5. l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles Distribution: Turkey. v. 7 (f. 4)]. IUCN: Critically Endangered. EN: Hazer tooth-carp. Type locality: Lake Hazer, Elazig District (38°30'N, 9. Aphanius darabensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami 39°25'E), Anatolia, Turkey. Syntypes: (20) MSNG & Reichenbacher, 2014 36472 (3). Aphanius darabensis, Esmaeili [H. R.], Teimori [A.], Distribution: Turkey. Gholami [Z.] & Reichenbacher [B.] 2014:254, figs. IUCN: Least Concern. 2-3, 4A-E [Zootaxa 3786 (no. 3)]. EN: Darab tooth-carp, Kol tooth-carp. 6. Aphanius baeticus Doadrio, Carmona & Type locality: Fars, Darab, Korsiah Banaki spring- Fernández-Delgado, 2002 stream system, Kol River, 28°46'24.96"N, Aphanius baeticus, Doadrio [I.], Carmona [J.