FINAL REPORT v1.0 DfT - TRANSPORT DIRECT Project Support & Consultancy Services Framework FareXChange Scoping Study Project Reference - TDT / 129 June 2006 Prepared By: Prepared For: Carl Bro Group Ltd, Transport Direct Bracton House Department for Transport 34-36 High Holborn Zones 1/F18 - 1/F20 LONDON WC1V6AE Ashdown House 123 Victoria Street LONDON SW1E 6DE Tel: +44 (0)20 71901697 Fax: +44 (0)20 71901698 Email: [email protected] www.carlbro.com DfT Transport Direct FareXChange Scoping Study CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY __________________________________________________ 6 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________ 10 1.1 __ What is FareXChange? _____________________________________ 10 1.2 __ Background _______________________________________________ 10 1.3 __ Scoping Study Objectives ____________________________________ 11 1.4 __ Acknowledgments __________________________________________ 11 2 CONSULTATION AND RESEARCH ___________________________________ 12 2.1 __ Who we consulted _________________________________________ 12 2.2 __ How we consulted __________________________________________ 12 2.3 __ Overview of Results ________________________________________ 12 3 THE FARE SETTING PROCESS AND THE ROLES OF INTERESTED PARTIES _____________________________________________________________ 14 3.1 __ The Actors _______________________________________________ 14 3.2 __ Fare Stages and Fares Tables ________________________________ 16 3.3 __ Flat and Zonal Fares ________________________________________ 17 3.4 __ Rail and Tram Fares ________________________________________ 18 3.5 __ How Fares are Set _________________________________________ 20 3.6 __ Setting Fares Analytically ____________________________________ 20 3.7 __ Setting Fares Comparatively _________________________________ 21 3.8 __ Transfers _________________________________________________ 21 3.9 __ Time and Other Restrictions __________________________________ 21 3.10 _ Frequency of Fare Changes __________________________________ 23 4 SPECIFIC TYPES AND USES OF FARES ______________________________ 24 4.1 __ Concessionary Travel _______________________________________ 24 4.2 __ Ticketing Schemes and Multi-operator Tickets ____________________ 24 4.3 __ Yield Management and Dynamic Fares _________________________ 24 4.4 __ Rail Fares ________________________________________________ 25 4.5 __ Transport for London and rail fares in the Greater London Area ______ 26 5 USE CASES FOR FXC ______________________________________________ 28 5.1 __ UC-#CRE1 Creation of Fare Data General Pattern _______________ 28 5.2 __ UC-#CRE2 Creation of Fare Data Demarcating Fare stages and Fare zones _ ________________________________________________________ 29 5.3 __ UC-#CRE3 Setting Concessionary Fares ________________________ 31 5.4 __ UC-#CRE4 Creation of fare data Cross-boundary Fares __________ 31 5.5 __ UC-#CRE5 Creation of fare data Buses _______________________ 32 5.6 __ UC-#CRE5a Creation of fare data Buses -Joint Fares Schemes ____ 32 5.7 __ UC-#CRE6 Creation of fare data Rail _________________________ 32 5.8 __ UC-#CRE6a Creation of Regulated Rail fares ____________________ 32 5.9 __ UC-#CRE6b Creation of Single TOC Fares ______________________ 32 5.10 _ UC-#CRE6c Creation of Multi-TOC Fares _______________________ 33 5.11 _ UC-#CRE7 Creation of Fare Data Ferries ______________________ 33 5.12 _ UC-#CRE8 Premium and Economy Service Fares ________________ 33 © 2006 Carl Bro Limited Page 2 June 2006 FareXChange Scoping Study Final Report v1.0.doc DfT Transport Direct FareXChange Scoping Study 5.13 _ UC-#CRE9 Preparation of fare ticket type conditions and associated conditions of carriage _____________________________________________ 33 5.14 _ UC-#CRE10 Creation of Combination Fares (including non-Transport Entities or with add-ons, such as Sleeping Accommodation) _______________ 34 5.15 _ UC-#CON1 Submitting a Fare Scheme for Approval _______________ 34 USE CASES FOR DISTRIBUTING FARE DATA ______________________________ 34 5.16 _ UC-#DIS1 Provisioning of on-board, bus stop & retail ticket issuing machines ______________________________________________________ 34 5.17 _ UC-#DIS2 Provisioning of ticket checking devices _________________ 34 5.18 _ UC-#DIS5 Distributing fares for publication ______________________ 35 5.19 _ UC-#DIS6 Distributing fares to online systems ____________________ 35 USE CASES FOR FXC WITH PASSENGER-CENTRIC ON-LINE TRAVEL PLANNING ____________________________________________________________ 36 5.20 _ UC-#TRAV1 Finding out the cost of a journey ____________________ 36 5.21 _ UC-#TRAV2 Journey planning to find the cheapest fare ____________ 36 5.22 _ UC-#TRAV3 Cross-boundary Journeys _________________________ 37 5.23 _ UC-#TRAV4 Combining different fare products ___________________ 37 5.24 _ UC-#TRAV5 Selecting end leg options __________________________ 37 5.25 _ UC-#TRAV5 Comparing individual fares with Area or Period tickets ___ 38 USE CASES FOR FXC AND ONLINE FARE DATA FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ________________________________________________________ 39 5.26 _ UC-#MINF1 Obtaining details of numbers of purchases of particular fares for specific journeys (or, for types of Travelcards, for specific time periods) ___ 39 5.27 _ UC-#MINF2 Obtaining details of when and from where particular fares are purchased ______________________________________________________ 39 5.28 _ UC-#MINF3 Obtaining details of numbers of queries for a particular fare 39 5.29 _ UC-#MINF4 Ticket inspection _________________________________ 39 5.30 _ UC-#MINF5 Management of Quotas ___________________________ 39 5.31 _ UC-#MINF6 Loyalty Schemes ________________________________ 40 OTHER USES FOR FXC _________________________________________________ 41 5.32 _ UC-#BUS1 Justifying, or providing arguments for, specific financial arrangements ___________________________________________________ 41 5.33 _ Integrated Revenue Management _____________________________ 41 5.34 _ UC-#BUS 2 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ___________ 41 6 BUSINESS ISSUES FOR FXC ________________________________________ 42 6.1 __ The Need ________________________________________________ 42 6.2 __ Confidentiality of Fares Data _________________________________ 42 6.3 __ Confidentiality of Fares Structures _____________________________ 43 6.4 __ Security __________________________________________________ 43 6.5 __ How does FareXChange (FXC) relate to TransXChange (TXC)? _____ 43 6.6 __ Bus Ticketing Systems ______________________________________ 44 6.7 __ NaPTAN Linking ___________________________________________ 44 6.8 __ Building the Business and Policy Cases _________________________ 46 7 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FXC STANDARD ____________________ 48 7.1 __ Scope of FXC _____________________________________________ 48 © 2006 Carl Bro Limited Page 3 June 2006 FareXChange Scoping Study Final Report v1.0.doc DfT Transport Direct FareXChange Scoping Study 7.2 __ Linking and Harmonisation with Other Standards _________________ 49 7.3 __ Intellectual Property ________________________________________ 51 7.4 __ Documentation ____________________________________________ 51 7.5 __ Validation ________________________________________________ 52 7.6 __ Efficiency of Processing of XML Documents _____________________ 52 7.7 __ Publisher _________________________________________________ 52 7.8 __ Public Access to the Deliverables ______________________________ 53 7.9 __ Consultation ______________________________________________ 53 8 DATA STRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FXC STANDARD __________ 54 8.1 __ Introduction _______________________________________________ 54 8.2 __ Key Reference Specifications _________________________________ 54 8.3 __ Relative Complexity of Fares for different Transport Modes _________ 55 8.4 __ Overall Modularisation ______________________________________ 56 8.5 __ Administrative Model & Operators _____________________________ 60 8.6 __ Composition of a Fare Model _________________________________ 62 8.7 __ FXC High Level Scope ______________________________________ 64 8.8 __ Fare Structures & Pricing Representations The DISTANCE MATRIX 67 8.9 __ Expository Approach ________________________________________ 70 9 FARE STRUCTURE MODELS ________________________________________ 71 9.1 __ Geographical Structure Factors _______________________________ 71 9.2 __ Time Structure Factors ______________________________________ 73 9.3 __ Quality Structure Factors ____________________________________ 73 9.4 __ ValidableElements and Fare Structures _________________________ 73 9.5 __ Fare Structure Straw Man ____________________________________ 74 10 FARE PRODUCT MODELS __________________________________________ 78 10.1 _ Fare Products and Fare Structures ____________________________ 78 10.2 _ Fare Product Straw Man _____________________________________ 79 10.3 _ Limiting Fare Parameters ____________________________________ 80 10.4 _ Fare Product Limitations Straw Man ____________________________ 81 11 FARE PRICING MODELS FOR FXC ___________________________________ 87 11.1 _ Fare Pricing Straw Man _____________________________________ 87 11.2 _ Fare Query _______________________________________________ 88 12 SUPPORTING MATERIAL FOR ANALYSIS _____________________________ 90 12.1 _ Fare Concepts in Existing UK Public Transport Standards and Specifications ___________________________________________________ 90 12.2 _ Notes on UK Rail Fare data __________________________________