ACTION PLAN FOR CONSERVATION OF Pinus heldreichii (H. Christ 1863) IN NATIONAL PARK LOVĆEN, MONTENEGRO - WP T1: TRANSNATIONAL JOINT STRATEGY AND TOOLS FOR THE BETTER MANAGEMENT OF PRIORITY SPECIES IN NATURA 2000 SITES - ACTIVITY T1.1: DEFINITION OF CONSERVATION GUIDELINES ON SPECIES - DELIVERABLE T1.1.2: CONSERVATION PLAN ON A PRIORITY SPECIES - PARTNER: NATIONAL PARKS OF MONTENEGRO (NPCG) -•‐ PP3 - PARTNER COORDINATOR: SLOBODAN STIJEPOVIĆ - AUTHOR: PhD DANKA CAKOVIĆ, PROFESOR FINAL VERSION April 2020 1 Table of contents 1. Endorsement ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Project framework ..........................................................................................................6 1.2. Legal framework .............................................................................................................7 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Lovćen National Park ....................................................................................................10 2.1. Bosnian Pine (Pinus heldreichii) .................................................................................17 3. Regulatory framework ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.1. International legislation ...............................................................................................17 3.2. European directives .....................................................................................................18 3.3. National legislation .......................................................................................................18 3.4. Local regulations ..........................................................................................................18 3.5. Natura 2000 ...................................................................................................................19 3.6. Management plans .......................................................................................................19 3.7. Regional legislation ......................................................................................................19 4. Context analysis ................................................................................................................................. 20 4.1. Terittorial framework ....................................................................................................20 4.2. Phytoclimatic framework .............................................................................................23 5. Biology and status of Bosnian pine ..................................................................................................... 24 5.1. Distribution and description of Pinus heldreichii associations in Montenegro .......24 5.1.1. Bosnian pine on Lovćen ........................................................................................................ 28 5.2. Analysis of Bosnian pine reserves on the slopes of Jezerski vrh ............................32 5.2.1. Basic information: .....................................................................................................32 5.2.2. Analysis of data during the monitoring ................................................................................. 32 5.3. Conservation status .....................................................................................................33 5.4. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................34 6. Carries out in progress conservation measures .................................................................................. 34 7. Analysis of threats and limitation factors for conservation ................................................................. 36 7.1. Illegal logging ...............................................................................................................36 7.2. Fire .................................................................................................................................36 7.3. Graze .............................................................................................................................37 7.4. Cattle breeding .............................................................................................................38 7.5. Regeneration.................................................................................................................38 7.6. Climate ..........................................................................................................................38 2 7.7. Natural selection ...........................................................................................................39 7.8. Sphaeropsis fungi ........................................................................................................39 7.9. Dothistroma needle blight ............................................................................................40 7.10. Insects .........................................................................................................................41 7.11. Hybridisation ...............................................................................................................41 8. Identification of Decisionmakers and Steakholders directly involved in the management of Bosnian pine ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 8.1. Decisionmakers and Stekaholders directly involved in the management of Bosnian pine .......................................................................................................................................42 8.2. SWOT analysis ..............................................................................................................43 9. Definition of general and specific objectives ensuring conservation of Bosnian pine in short, medium and long periods .................................................................................................................................... 44 9.1. General objectives ........................................................................................................44 9.2. Specific objectives .......................................................................................................44 9.3. Recommendations needed to protect and preserve the habitat of Bosnian pine in National park Lovćen (Jezerski vrh)...................................................................................45 9.3.1. Removal of certain Austrian pine trees ................................................................................. 45 9.3.2. Drafting of a fire protection plan .......................................................................................... 45 9.3.3. Collecting Bosnian pine seeds............................................................................................... 46 9.3.4. Production of plant promotional material ............................................................................ 47 9.3.5. Preparation of the land for restoration ................................................................................. 49 9.3.6. Research .............................................................................................................................. 49 9.3.7. Detailed description of the habitat and floristic composition of the stand ...........50 9.3.8. Complete stand surveying .................................................................................................... 50 9.3.9. Education of locals and visitors of Lovćen National Park ......................................50 9.3.10. Removal of waste from the stand ....................................................................................... 51 9.4. Medium- term goals and recommendations to be implemented ...............................51 9.4.1. Taking care of reforested stand ............................................................................................ 51 9.4.2. Setting pheromone traps to control and monitor potential pests ......................................... 51 9.4.3. More scientific researches need to be done ......................................................................... 52 9.4.4. Monitoring of microclimate in the stand .............................................................................. 52 9.4.5. Monitoring of the state of health of the stand ...................................................................... 52 9.4.6. Taking inventory on a periodic basis ..................................................................................... 52 9.4.7. Gradual spreading of the Bosnian pine stand........................................................................ 52 9.4.8. Controlling the growth and development of Austrian pine ................................................... 53 3 9.5. Ultimate golas ...............................................................................................................53 10. Defining of a Plan of integrated actions for the correct protection and managemant of Bosnian pine .............................................................................................................................................................