i ii [Timor Leste] Abbreviations ADB SOTL Asian Development Bank Special Office in Timor-Leste ADB Asian Development Bank ALGIS Agricultural Land Use Geographic Information Unit ARP Agriculture Rehabilitation Project of the World Bank AWRF Australian Water Research Facility AusAID Government of Australia Aid Agency CBO Community Based Organization CFET Consolidated Fund for East Timor CIRAD Cooperation Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Developpment CoM Council of Ministers CSP Consolidated Support Program CWSSP Community Water Supply & Sanitation Project DIT Dili Institute of Technology DNAS National Directorate of Water & Sanitation EDTL Electricity Service of Timor-Leste EH&HP Environmental Health and Hygiene Promotion EIA Environmental impact assessment ESCAP Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific EU European Union FMCBP Fisheries Management Capacity Building Project HDI Human Development Index IDS Integrated Disease Surveillance IWC International Water Centre IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca e Florestas) MCM Million cubic meters MDE Ministry of Development & Environment (Ministerio de Desenvolvimento e do Ambiente iii [Timor Leste] MNRM&EP Ministry of Natural Resources, Minerals & Energy Policy MoH Ministry of Health MPF Ministry of Planning and Finance NDFWR National Directorate of Forests & Water Resources NDP National Development Plan (Planning Commission 2002) NDSMA National Directorate of Environmental Management Services NGO Non Government Organization NWRP National Water Resources Policy (draft) NVE Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate RDTL Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (Republica Democrátia de Timor-Leste) SAS Serviço de Águas e Saneamento (Water & Sanitation Service) SCAC Service de Cooperation et d’Action Culturelle (Gov’t of France) SIP Sector investment program TA Technical Assistance project TFET Trust Fund for East Timor TIDS Timor Institute of Development Studies UNDP United Nations Development Program UNMISET United Nations Mission of Institutional Support to East Timor UNTAET United Nations Transitional Administration for Timor-Leste UNTL National Universtiy of Timor-Leste USAID United States Agency for International Development WRMD Water Resource Management Decree WSSRP-II Water Supply & Sanitation Rehabilitation Project - Phase II (TFET) iv [Timor Leste] Map of Timor-Leste v [Timor Leste] Table of Contents Background...........................................................................................................................................1 Australian Water Research Facility ...................................................................................................1 Current situation..................................................................................................................................1 Key issues in water (over view / summary)....................................................................................1 Biophysical Context .............................................................................................................................4 Social & Cultural ................................................................................................................................10 Economic .............................................................................................................................................17 Government ........................................................................................................................................19 Organisation .......................................................................................................................................19 Policy / Planning ...............................................................................................................................22 Legislation / Regulation ...................................................................................................................28 East Timor Tertiary and Research Organisations ..........................................................................35 External Support Agency Activities................................................................................................35 Preliminary Risk Assessment...........................................................................................................36 Government / project assessments .................................................................................................36 Key issues raised by Stakeholders...................................................................................................38 Opportunities for AWRF approach in East Timor ........................................................................39 Proposed AWRF Research in East Timor - Catchment-based risk assessment research.........40 Opportunities for National Level Research and Programs..........................................................42 Annexes ...............................................................................................................................................48 Annex A – Persons Met.....................................................................................................................49 Annex B – Detailed Maps..................................................................................................................51 Annex C – Water Availability Estimates ........................................................................................60 Annex D – Populations by Catchment............................................................................................65 Annex E – Traditional Customs & Practice in Water....................................................................67 Annex F - RDTL Government Organisational Diagram...............................................................74 Annex G - Draft National Water Policy..........................................................................................76 Annex H – External Support Agency Water Related Programs / Projects ...............................77 Annex I - Issues Raised......................................................................................................................84 vi [Timor Leste] List of Tables Table 1: Current (2004) water indicators by hydrologic units – average year.................2 Table 2: Current (2004) water indicators by hydrologic units – dry (1 in 5 low flow) year ......3 Table 3: Average Monthly Rainfall Records (mm)..........................................................................7 Table 4: Rainfall patterns ....................................................................................................................7 Table 5: Average Monthly Evaporation and Potential Evapotranspiration (mm/mth)............7 Table 6: Areas of Land Use by Category (1993 aerial photography)............................................8 Table 7: Hydrologic units & major river catchments......................................................................9 Table 8: Basic demographic data......................................................................................................12 Table 9: Human development index...............................................................................................12 Table 10: Current estimated access levels & targets......................................................................13 Table 11: National water use estimates...........................................................................................14 Table 12: Water-related health data.................................................................................................14 Table 13: Dili water supply connection classifications .................................................................16 Table 14: Government water-related institutional arrangements...............................................21 Table 15: Grouping of Ministries within the NDP/SIP Sectors...................................................25 Table 16: Water-related legislations ................................................................................................29 Table 17: Local research organizations ...........................................................................................35 Table 18: External support activities ...............................................................................................36 Table 19: Mean monthly runoff estimates for major river basins ...............................................60 Table 20: 1 in 5 low flow monthly runoff estimates for major river basins ...............................62 Table 21: Estimate of recharge, storage and sustainable yields of aquifers in each hydrologic unit. ..............................................................................................................................................64 Table 22: Populations by Catchment...............................................................................................65 1 [Timor Leste] Background Australian Water Research Facility The Australian Water Research Facility (AWRF) is a research partnership between AusAID & IWC for research into water and development issues in the Asia Pacific region. In recognizing research can improve the impact and effectiveness of Australia’s aid program, AWRF