LATINA IV NOMEN ______________________________ ILIAD QUESTIONS ILIAD I – The Rage of Achilles p. 77 – 98 1. How does the opening stanza – especially the first word – set the mood for Book I? 2. Why is there a plague in the Greek camp? 3. What do we learn about Agamemnon’s personality as he speaks to Chryses? Why is this information needed in the Iliad ? 4. What does Achilles propose to stop the plague? 5. In lines 130 –135, what is ironic about Agamemnon’s feelings towards his wife? 6. What does Agamemnon want in exchange for Chryseis? Why can’t he get what he wants at first? What does Achilles offer instead? 7. Why did Achilles come to Troy? Why does he want to leave? 8. Why does Agamemnon take the girl from Achilles? 9. Why doesn’t Achilles kill Agamemnon? 10.Who tries to reconcile Achilles and Agamemnon? How does this man try to make them feel guilty? 11.What does each man do after his argument? 12.What rhetorical device is used in line 372? 13.How does Achilles treat the messengers, Talthybrius and Eurybates? How does this compare to Agamemnon’s treatment of Chryses? 14.Why does Homer have Achilles repeat the whole story thus far to his mother, Thetis? 15.How had Thetis saved Zeus before? 16.Why did the plague stop? 17.With what symbol does Zeus vow to grant the wish of Thetis? 18.Which goddess is not happy with Zeus’ decision? Who tries to comfort her? 19.Give the most commonly used epithet for each of the following: a) Achilles b) Apollo c) Hector d) Agamemnon e) Hera f) Athena g) Zeus h) Poseidon I) Eos (Dawn) ILIAD II – The Great Gathering of Armies p. 99 - 127 1. How does Zeus plan to glorify Achilles? 2. What device of oral epic poetry is exemplified in the first three pages of Book II? 3. By how much do the Greeks outnumber the Trojans? Why can't the Greeks win, according to Agamemnon? What does Agamemnon advise his men to do? 4. What two aspects of ancient epic poetry are present in Hera's and Athena's words and actions? (p.104-5) 5. How does Odysseus convince the Greeks to stay? 6. What omen does Odysseus describe to the Greeks to convince them to stay? 7. What part(s) of a prayer does Agamemnon employ? (p.112-3) What part(s) does he leave out? 8. To what is the bronze armor of the Greeks compared? To what four things is the Greek army compared? To what two things is Agamemnon compared? 9. Why does Homer invoke the Muses? (p. 115) 10. How many shiploads of Greeks prepare to fight? Which king had the greatest number of ships? Which had the least? 11. Which horses were the best? Who was the best warrior preparing for battle? 12. Who urges Hector to battle? 13. Name the Trojan/ally who leads each of the following: a) Trojans b) Dardanians c) Zeleans d) Adrestians & Pityeans e) Thracians f) Cicones g) Carians h) Lycians ILIAD III – Helen Reviews the Champions p.128-144 1. To what are Menelaus and Paris compared in the simile on page 129? To what is Paris compared when he sees Menelaus? 2. How does Hector feel about Paris? 3. Why don't the Greek archers kill Hector? Why is Hector in no man's land? 4. How does Priam feel about Helen? Why does he invite her to sit with him atop the city wall? 5. Whom did the king point out first among the Greeks? Why? Whom doe she ask about next? What are Odysseus' best qualities, according to Helen and Antenor? 6. Which two soldiers does Helen look for? Why? Why can't she find them? 7. Which gods are called to witness the proposal of Agamemnon? 8. How do they decide who throws his spear first? What happens when Paris throws his spear? What happens when Menelaus throws his spear? 9. What does Menelaus do when his weapons are useless? Why doesn't he kill Paris? 10. How does Agamemnon not react to the outcome of the battle? ILIAD IV – The Truce Erupts in War p.145-163 1. Why does Homer go back to the gods at the opening of Book 4? 2. What does Zeus want in return for the destruction of Troy? 3. How does Athena renew battle? To what is Menelaus compared? Why doesn't Lycaon kill him? 4. How does Agamemnon react to the wounding of Menelaus? How does Menelaus react? 5. How does Agamemnon rally the Greeks? To which leaders does he speak directly? 6. To what are Ajax's soldiers compared? 7. What is Nestor's strongest attribute? What is his weakness? 8. Why does Agamemnon deride Diomedes? 9. To what are the Greek troops compared as they enter battle? To what are the Trojans compared? 10. Which gods drive on the troops? Why are these gods appropriate? 11. Which Greek registered the first kill? Whom does Ajax slay? Why does Odysseus go on a killing spree? 12. Why does Homer include so much graphic detail in his battle accounts? ILIAD V – Diomedes fights the Gods P164-194 1. Which goddess helps Diomedes? To what is Diomedes compared in the epic simile in Book V? 2. Describe the fighting tactics used by the Greek warriors. 3. Why does Homer include so much detail about each victim's family? 4. Why does Homer include so much detail about each man's death? 5. To what is Diomedes compared in the epic simile on p. 167? 6. Who wounds Diomedes? How is he wounded? 7. In what two ways does Athena help Diomedes? What advice does she give him? 8. To what is Diomedes compared in the epic simile on p. 168-9? 9. Which Trojan dares fight Diomedes? 10.Where did the horses of Aeneas come from? 11.How did Pandarus die? 12.How is Aeneas wounded? How does he survive? 13.What does Diomedes do to Aphrodite? Why don't the gods ever die? 14.Describe other instances when the gods were injured by mortals. 15.What happens when Diomedes attacks Aeneas again? 16.Which gods help the Trojans and how do they help? 17.What two similes are used to describe Aeneas and his two victims on p. 182? 18.Who fights Heracles’ son? How are these two men related? What is the result of their conflict? 19.Who accompanies Hector on his rampage? Who opposes this partnership? 20.Describe Athena's armor. 21.Why does Athena think Diomedes has quit the battle? What reason does he give her? How does Athena encourage him to fight again? 22.Who is the second god injured? How did it happen? 23.Why do Hera and Athena withdraw from battle? ILIAD VI – Hector Returns to Troy p.195-213 1. How does the battle progress with the gods no longer fighting? 2. What does Adrestus offer Menelaus? Why doesn't Menelaus spare his life? 3. What advice does Nestor give the Greeks? 4. What does Helenus advise Aeneas and Hector to do? 5. Which two soldiers face off one-to-one? 6. Why does Diomedes recount the story of Lycurgus? 7. From which Greek city is Glaucus' family line? From which Greek hero is Glaucus descended? 8. How does Diomedes react to Glaucus' story? What does each man give to the other? 9. What does Hector's mother offer him? Why does he refuse? 10.What do the Trojan women ask of Athena? What do they offer in return? How does Athena respond? 11.Why does Helen want Hector to sit down? How does she feel about Paris? How does she feel about herself and her current situation? 12.How had Andromache's father and brothers died? What happened to her father's body after he died? 13.What future event scares Hector more than any other? 14.Why won't Hector back down from the fighting? 15.How does Andromache react when Hector leaves to re-enter the battle? 16.To what is Paris compared in the epic simile at the end of Book VI? ILIAD VII – Ajax Duels with Hector p. 214-230 1. Why does momentum swing towards the Trojans? 2. What does Apollo have planned for Hector? 3. What conditions does Hector set for battle? 4. Which Greek is the first to answer his challenge? Why doesn't this man fight? 5. Why doesn't Nestor fight? What kind of warrior was Nestor in his prime? 6. How do they finally decide which Greek will fight Hector? 7. To whom do the Greeks pray? What do they pray for? 8. Who strikes first in the duel? How does the duel progress? Which weapons do they use? Why do they stop? 9. What does each man give the other after the duel? 10.What advice does Nestor offer that night? 11.What advice does Antenor offer back in Troy? 12.What proposal do the Trojans offer the Greeks? How do the Greeks respond? 13.Who objects to the Greeks' wall being built? Why? How does Zeus solve the problem? ILIAD VIII – The Tide of Battle Turns p. 231 – 250 1. What does Zeus want the gods to do? What will be the punishment for those who disobey him? 2. What does Zeus place on either side of his scales? What is the outcome? 3. Which Greek does not flee at first? What causes him to turn his chariot around and flee? 4. What does Hector plan to do as he rouses his troops? 5.