Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen Norton A. Schwartz Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Stephen R. Lorenz Commander, Air University Lt Gen Allen G. Peck http://www.af.mil Director, Air Force Research Institute Gen John A. Shaud, USAF, Retired Chief, Professional Journals Maj Darren K. Stanford Deputy Chief, Professional Journals Capt Lori Katowich Professional Staff http://www.aetc.randolph.af Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor Darlene H. Barnes, Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Production Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Ann Bailey, Prepress Production Manager The Air and Space Power Journal (ISSN 1554-2505), Air Force Recurring Publication 10-1, published quarterly, is the professional journal of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the http://www.au.af.mil presentation and stimulation of innovative thinking on military doctrine, strategy, force structure, readiness, and other matters of national defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying Air and Space Power Journal the official sanction of the Department of Defense, 155 N. Twining Street Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6026 University, or other agencies or departments of the US e -mail: aspj@max well.af.mil government. [email protected] (alternate) Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or in Visit Air and Space Power Journal online part without permission. If they are reproduced, the Air at http://www.airpower.au.af.mil. and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. IInsidenside ccover.inddover.indd 2 55/26/2009/26/2009 33:38:48:38:48 PPMM Summer 2009 Volume XXIII, No. 2 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspectives Assimilating Unmanned Aircraft Systems . 5 Air Vice-Marshal R . A . Mason, Royal Air Force, Retired Col Jeffery Barnett, USAF, Retired Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Col Sung-pyo Hong, Republic of Korea Air Force Perspectives on Leadership and Management . 11 Dr . Raymond A . Shulstad, Brigadier General, USAF, Retired Understanding the Enemy as a Complex System: A Multidisciplinary Analytic Problem Requiring a Multidisciplinary Team Approach . 19 D . Lee Fuell Jr ., Defense Intelligence Senior Leader, USAF Focus Area Unmanned Aircraft Systems . 25 Maj D . K . Stanford, USAF, Chief, Professional Journals Features Operators of Air Force Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Breaking Paradigms . 67 Lt Col Houston R . Cantwell, USAF Tactical Generals: Leaders, Technology, and the Perils of Battlefield Micromanagement . 78 Dr . P . W . Singer The Army’s “Organic” Unmanned Aircraft Systems: An Unhealthy Choice for the Joint Operational Environment . 88 Maj Travis A . Burdine, USAF Airpower Trends 2010: The Future Is Closer Than You Think . 101 Col John D . Jogerst, USAF, Retired Departments Prelaunch Notes Publishing in Air and Space Power Journal . 26 Ricochets and Replies . 27 The Merge Managing the Human Weapon System: A Vision for an Air Force Human-Performance Doctrine . 34 Lt Col Anthony P . Tvaryanas, USAF, MC, SFS Col Lex Brown, USAF, MC, SFS Nita L . Miller, PhD The Air Force Commander: The Power of Interaction and Vision . 42 Col William Mott, USAF 2009-2 contents.indd 1 4/28/09 1:16:21 PM America’s Two Air Forces . 51 Lt Col Robert Spalding, USAF PIREP Optimizing the Effectiveness of Directed Energy Weapons with Specialized Weather Support . 57 Maj De Leon C . Narcisse, USAF Lt Col Steven T . Fiorino, USAF Col Richard J . Bartell, USAFR Quick-Look Air Domain Development in Africa: A Reasonable Proposition . 111 Maj Jean-Philippe N . Peltier, USAF Maj Thomas Meer, USAF Book Reviews ARVN: Life and Death in the South Vietnamese Army . 114 Robert K . Brigham Reviewer: Dr . Michael E . Weaver New Heavens: My Life as a Fighter Pilot and a Founder of the Israel Air Force . 115 Boris Senior Reviewer: CSM James H . Clifford, USA, Retired Go for Launch! An Illustrated History of Cape Canaveral . 116 Joel W . Powell with Art LeBrun Reviewer: Dr . Roger D . Launius Enduring the Freedom: A Rogue Historian in Afghanistan . 117 Sean M . Maloney Reviewer: Lt Col James J . McNally, USAF, Retired LeMay . 118 Barrett Tillman Reviewer: Lt Col Rick Hughes, USAF Rattler One-Seven: A Vietnam Helicopter Pilot’s War Story . 119 Chuck Gross Reviewer: Lt Col John F . Guilmartin Jr ., USAF, Retired Globemaster III: Acquiring the C-17 . 120 Betty R . Kennedy Reviewer: Kenneth P . Katz 1776 . 121 David McCullough Reviewer: Dr . Jack D . Kem, Colonel, USA, Retired Space as a Strategic Asset . 121 Joan Johnson-Freese Reviewer: Col Joseph J . McCue, USAF, Retired Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam . 122 Zahid Hussain Reviewer: Dr . David R . Mets 2009-2 contents.indd 2 4/28/09 1:16:22 PM War Bird Ace: The Great War Exploits of Capt. Field E. Kindley . 123 Jack Stokes Ballard Reviewer: Lt Col Raymond F . Hain III, USAFR, Retired American Generalship: Character Is Everything: The Art of Command . 123 Edgar F . Puryear Jr . Reviewer: Col James M . Pfaff, Ohio ANG Mission Debrief . 125 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Gen John A. Shaud, USAF, Retired, Air Force Research Institute Lt Gen Bradley C. Hosmer, USAF, Retired Dr. J. Douglas Beason, Colonel, USAF, Retired, Los Alamos National Laboratory Dr. Alexander S. Cochran, Office of the Chief of Staff, US Army Prof. Thomas B. Grassey, US Naval Academy Lt Col Dave Mets, USAF, Retired, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (professor emeritus) 2009-2 contents.indd 3 4/28/09 1:16:22 PM Air and Space Power Journal Board of Reviewers Col Ronald K. Bartley, USAFR Mr. Charles Tustin Kamps Air University USAF Air Command and Staff College Lt Col Eric Braganca, USAF Dr. Tom Keaney Naval Air Station Johns Hopkins University Patuxent River, Maryland Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF, Retired Dr. Kendall K. Brown Department of Homeland Security NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Col Chris J. Krisinger, USAF, Retired Col Steven D. Carey, USAF, Retired Burke, Virginia Daphne, Alabama Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun RAND US Army War College Mr. Douglas E. Lee Dr. Mark Clodfelter Air Force Space Command National War College Dr. Richard I. Lester Dr. Conrad Crane Eaker College for Professional Development Director, US Army Military History Institute Mr. Brent Marley Col Michael D. Davis, USAF Redstone Arsenal, Alabama Defense Attaché Mr. Rémy M. Mauduit Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired Air Force Research Institute USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Col Phillip S. Meilinger, USAF, Retired Maj Gen Charles J. Dunlap Jr., USAF West Chicago, Illinois The Pentagon Dr. Daniel Mortensen Dr. Stephen Fought Air Force Research Institute USAF Air War College (professor emeritus) Dr. Richard R. Muller Col Richard L. Fullerton, USAF USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies USAF Academy Dr. Bruce T. Murphy Lt Col Derrill T. Goldizen, PhD, USAF, Retired Air University Westport Point, Massachusetts Col W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired Montgomery, Alabama Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. Lt Col Brian S. Pinkston, USAF, MC, SFS Ohio State University The Pentagon Dr. Amit Gupta Col Bob Potter, USAF, Retired USAF Air War College Air Force Research Institute Dr. Grant T. Hammond Dr. Steve Rothstein Dean, NATO Defence College Colorado Springs Science Center Project Dr. Dale L. Hayden Lt Col Reagan E. Schaupp, USAF Air Force Research Institute Air University Dr. Thomas Hughes Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Toffler Associates Lt Col Jeffrey Hukill, USAF, Retired Lt Col Edward B. Tomme, PhD, USAF, Retired Air Force Research Institute Sci-Ops Consulting Lt Col J. P. Hunerwadel, USAF, Retired Dr. Christopher H. Toner LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education USAF Air Command and Staff College Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF Lt Col David A. Umphress, PhD, USAFR, Retired The Pentagon Auburn University Col John Jogerst, USAF, Retired Dr. Harold R. Winton Navarre, Florida USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies 2009-2 Board of Reviewers.indd 4 4/28/09 1:16:47 PM Assimilating Unmanned Aircraft Systems AIR VICE-MARSHAL R. A. MASON, ROYAL AIR FORCE, RETIRED COL JEFFERY BARNETT, USAF, RETIRED COL RICHARD SZAFRANSKI, USAF, RETIRED COL SUNG-PYO HONG, REPUBLIC OF KOREA AIR FORCE Envisioning future unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) as stand-alone weapons is not productive. As these air­ craft evolve, legacy systems will advance, and enemies will simultaneously adapt. The resulting mix of future UASs and modernized legacy systems—as well as adaptive enemies—requires uniquely designed organiza­ tions, career paths, and strategies. In the following discussion, four airpower theorists and analysts consider historical lessons and current trends that might help airmen build the right combination of leaders, concepts, and institutions to realize the full potential of unmanned aircraft. Air Vice-Marshal Tony Mason: The assimi­ lation of UASs into national air forces is mov­ ing briskly, but in an astonishing array of di­ rections. If there is a clear path to the future for these systems, no one has captured it to my satisfaction. Dick Szafranski and Jeffery Barnett, both of Toffler Associates, you are published futurists on airpower. Sung-pyo Hong, your air force is on a continuous war footing, so you can keep these two futurists grounded in cur­ rent realities. My questions to the three of you are, “How should airmen assimilate UASs, and what is the best path to the future of these air­ craft?” Jeffery, lead us off. Jeffery Barnett: As a first principle, I think we have to remember that weapons are addi­ tive. When new weapons emerge, they add to arsenals; they seldom subtract. For ex­ ample, today’s soldiers don wearable computers—but they still train to kill with knives and rifle butts.