CENTRAL TRAINING INSTITUTE -LINUX TUTORIAL 1 LINUX TUTORIAL 07/10/2012 Linux Tutorial 1.0.doc CENTRAL TRAINING INSTITUTE -LINUX TUTORIAL 2 Table of Contents 1. WHAT IS LINUX? .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1. History of UNIX .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. History of LINUX ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Why LINUX/UNIX .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Layers of LINUX/UNIX ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2. GETTING STARTED ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 3. LINUX COMMANDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1. Control Keys ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 3.2. Getting Help ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 3.3. LINUX Command Options ........................................................................................................................................ 9 3.4. LINUX Commands ................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.4.1. Basic F ile Commands ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3.4.2. Display Commands ............................................................................................................................................ 16 3.4.3. File Permissions .................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.4.4. System Resource Commands ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.4.5 List of User Commands ..................................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.6 List of Disk Space Commands .......................................................................................................................... 31 4. FILE SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................................. 32 4.1. Directories in LINUX ............................................................................................................................................... 33 4.2. Commands in File System ....................................................................................................................................... 34 4.3. Commands for Showning File Details .................................................................................................................. 36 5. SHELL ................................................................................................................................................................................. 44 5.1. Built -in Commands ................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.2. Special Commands ................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.2.1Piping ....................................................................................................................................................................... 45 5.2.2 Command Seperator ............................................................................................................................................. 45 5.2.3Alias ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46 07/10/2012 Linux Tutorial 1.0.doc CENTRAL TRAINING INSTITUTE -LINUX TUTORIAL 3 6. SHELL SCRIPTING........................................................................................................................................................ 47 6.1. Scripting ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47 6.2. Utilities ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47 6.2.1. Sort ......................................................................................................................................................................... 47 6.2.2. Join ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47 6.3. Shell Variables ......................................................................................................................................................... 48 6.3.1. Scalar Variables .................................................................................................................................................. 48 6.3.2 Array Variables ................................................................................................................................................... 48 7. SHELL PROGRAMMING IN BOURNE SHELL ................................................................................................. 49 7.1. Shell Scripting in Bourn e ......................................................................................................................................... 49 7.2. Shell Variables ........................................................................................................................................................... 49 7.3. Arithmetic Expansion ............................................................................................................................................... 50 7.4. Control Commands ................................................................................................................................................... 50 7.5. Fille Descriptors ........................................................................................................................................................ 52 7.6. Text Processing Commands .................................................................................................................................... 53 7.7. File Archiving, Compression and Conversion .................................................................................................... 55 7.8. Applications ........................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.5 7.9. Editors ..................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.7 7.9.1 vi Editor ................................................................................................................................................................ 57 7.9.1.1. Cursor Movement .................................................................................................................................. 58 7.9.1.2. Inserting of Text .................................................................................................................................... 58 7.9.1.3. Deleting of Text ..................................................................................................................................... 58 7.9.1.4. File Manipulation .................................................................................................................................. 58 7.8.1.5. To see Multiple Files ............................................................................................................................. 59 8. KEY BOARD SHORTCUTS ......................................................................................................................................... 60 9. NETWORKING IN LINUX .......................................................................................................................................... 61 9.1. Addresses .................................................................................................................................................................... 61 9.2. Network Commands ................................................................................................................................................