$ SEMIANNUAL SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT $ $3.50 /DECEMBER 2008 OREIGN ERVICE FJOURNAL STHE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS NOTES TO THE NEW PRESIDENT Foreign Policy Challenges and Opportunities OREIGN ERVICE FJOURNAL S CONTENTS December 2008 Volume 85, No. 12 F OCUSONTHE New Administration BEYOND THE COLD WAR:ANEW MULTILATERAL AGENDA / 15 Most of the core foreign policy issues the United States must address are now under a United Nations umbrella. By William H. Luers TIME FOR REALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST / 22 Only renewed, sustained American diplomatic leadership and partnership can redeem our reputation and stabilize the region. By Philip C. Wilcox Jr. THE CIVILIAN CORE OF AMERICAN POWER / 28 President-elect Obama should tell his national security team to prepare a Cover and inside photo illustration joint international affairs and national security budget for Fiscal Year 2010. by Phil Foster By David Shorr, Derek Chollet and Vikram Singh THE FOREIGN AID REFORM AGENDA / 34 All foreign assistance functions should be consolidated within USAID or some new entity entirely separate from the State Department. By Andrew S. Natsios PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 ANEW PARTNERSHIP WITH THE AMERICAS / 39 SOS for DOS Barak Obama should renew the U.S. commitment to the rest of the hemisphere, By John K. Naland basing it on engagement, dialogue and cooperation. By Bill Richardson NATO’S FUTURE:TAKING A FRESH APPROACH / 42 The incoming administration should quietly seek a more creative LETTERS / 7 security structure — one that acknowledges Eurasia’s transformation. By David P. Calleo CYBERNOTES / 11 TRADE AND AMERICA’S FUTURE / 47 MARKETPLACE / 13 Lowering global trade barriers will create new economic opportunity IN MEMORY / 73 for all nations — including our own. By Carla A. Hills INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 104 AFOREIGN AFFAIRS BUDGET FOR THE 21ST CENTURY / 53 A report by the American Academy of Diplomacy and the Stimson Center presents detailed recommendations on foreign affairs capacity to the new administration. Here are highlights. DECEMBER 2008/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 OREIGN ERVICE CONTENTS FJOURNAL S AFSAN EWS Editor STEVEN ALAN HONLEY CLOSING THE OVERSEAS PAY GAP / 59 Senior Editor SUSAN B. MAITRA AFOREIGN AFFAIRS BUDGET FOR THE FUTURE / 59 Associate Editor OFFICIAL CALL FOR AFSA DISSENT AWARDS / 59 SHAWN DORMAN REMINDER: AFSA GOVERNING BOARD NOMINATIONS / 59 AFSA News Editor FRANCESCA KELLY EWS RIEFS GGELER N B ,A / 60 Ad & Circulation Manager VP STATE:APRECIOUS RESOURCE / 61 ED MILTENBERGER Business Manager VP FAS: ON-THE-JOB TRAINING / 62 ALICIA J. CAMPI AMB.PICKERING GIVES ADAIR LECTURE / 63 Art Director CARYN SUKO SMITH PARENTAL LEAVE BENEFITS / 64 Advertising Intern ZLATANA BADRICH: 10 YEARS OF SERVICE / 66 HANS MULDER ETIREE EDICARE ASICS R Q&A: M B / 67 EDITORIAL BOARD AMB.MIKE GUEST AND THE COUNCIL FOR GLOBAL EQUALITY / 68 TED WILKINSON IRAQ ASSIGNMENTS / 69 Chairman JOSEPH BRUNS CLASSIFIEDS / 71 STEPHEN W. BUCK JULIE GIANELLONI CONNOR JIM DEHART SCHOOLSSUPPLEMENT JEFF GIAUQUE GEORGE JONES LAURIE KASSMAN UILDING ESILIENCY IN LOBAL OMADS B R G N / 76 YVETTE N. MALCIOLN Moving children from country to country is both challenging and rewarding. DAVID MCFARLAND Here is a guide to the issues of transition that are involved. AL PESSIN By Rebecca Grappo THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN FFAIRS ROFESSIONALS SCHOOLS AT A GLANCE / 85 A P Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 Essential data on educational choices. E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published monthly with a combined July-August issue by the American Foreign Service Associa- tion (AFSA), a private, nonprofit organization. Material appearing herein represents the opin- ions of the writers and does not necessarily rep- QUESTIONS? Not sure whom to contact? resent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions FasTrax is your inside ADVERTISING are invited, preferably by e-mail. Journal sub- scription: AFSA members – $13 included in source to the right places. For details about placing either annual dues; others – $40. 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Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes to: questions about AFSA membership, ONLINE AFSA e-mail [email protected]. www.afsa.org Attn: Address Change 2101 E Street N.W. www.fsjournal.org Washington DC 20037-2990 FSJ is audited by Business of Providing Audits, which had the largest membership of Printed on 50-percent recycled paper, any media-auditing organization in the world. of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. 4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/ DECEMBER 2008 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS SOS for DOS BY JOHN K. NALAND AFSA congratulates Presi- ing lags because of personnel White House, Congress and the Am- dent-elect Barack Obama and shortages. As a result, our erican public for resources. The Vice President-elect Joe Biden diplomats do not have to a suf- Secretary should pick a deputy secre- on their electoral victory. At ficient degree the knowledge, tary and under secretary for manage- press time, the Secretary of skills and abilities needed for ment with real ability in this area. State-designate had not been 21st-century diplomacy. We • Morale: The Secretary should named. But AFSA hopes for need to quickly ramp up train- work to restore the morale of the car- the traditional pre-inauguration ing in areas such as foreign eer Service, which has been sapped by meeting with the Secretary-designate languages, advanced area studies, a growing imbalance between the bur- to discuss the resource and manage- leadership and management, job-spe- dens and rewards of service. The Sec- ment needs of diplomacy and develop- cific functional topics and program retary should speak up when critics ment assistance. AFSA also looks for- management. unfairly malign the Foreign Service ward to meeting with the USAID • Benefits: If legislation to close and diplomacy. Administrator-designate and other the Foreign Service overseas pay gap • Professionalism: The next ad- incoming officials. Below are the high- does not pass this year, ending this ministration should look to the lights of our message. longstanding financial disincentive Foreign Service for expert advice by U.S. diplomacy is in crisis. While must be at the top of the next Secre- scaling back the proliferation of non- the inauguration of a new president tary’s legislative agenda. Junior and career appointees, including ambas- will likely produce an initial rebound in mid-level Foreign Service members sadors. On the other hand, the next America’s standing in world opinion, simply cannot continue to lose the Secretary should shun any career offi- that honeymoon will be short-lived equivalent of one year’s salary for cers who meekly recommend what unless the next administration takes every five years served abroad. they think the Secretary wants to hear concrete steps to strengthen diplomacy • Hardship: As the number of or who mechanically implement direc- and development assistance. Issues unaccompanied and other hardship tives without first speaking up about requiring immediate attention include: posts has jumped in recent years, likely negative consequences. Instead, • Staffing: Our foreign affairs insufficient efforts have been made to the Secretary should encourage frank, agencies are hobbled by a human cap- reduce some of the burdens of such constructive criticism to probe for ital crisis. An October report by the service. The Separate Maintenance potential pitfalls and unintended con- American Academy of Diplomacy — Allowance needs to be raised. New sequences in policy initiatives. whose membership includes all living programs should be created to help Unless these urgent steps are taken former secretaries of State — called spouses find employment. Safety nets to strengthen the diplomatic element for expanding State Department must be strengthened for those who of national security, no amount of jet- diplomatic staffing by 43 percent and suffer physical or emotional injury ting around the globe by the president USAID staffing by 62 percent within while serving our nation abroad. or Secretary will restore our nation’s five years. Funding to begin that ex- • Management: The next Secre- role as the world’s leader in interna- pansion must be sought immediately. tary must not focus solely on policy tional affairs. Without sufficient num- • Training: Foreign Service train- issues while ignoring the platform bers of properly resourced and well- upon which diplomacy and develop- trained diplomats and development John K. Naland is the president of the ment assistance are conducted. He or professionals, America’s engagement American Foreign Service Association. she should make time to lobby the with the world will suffer. I DECEMBER 2008/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 J. KIRBY SIMON FOREIGN SERVICE TRUST AN INVITATION TO PROPOSE PROJECTS FOR FUNDING BY THE J. KIRBY SIMON FOREIGN SERVICE TRUST IN 2009 he J. Kirby Simon Foreign Service Trust is a charitable equipped maternity clinic and orphanage; Panama – survey of visu- fund established in the memory of J. Kirby Simon, a al impairment among HIV-positive children; South Africa – health- Foreign Service Officer who died in 1995 while serving in care equipment and improved sanitation for home for sick and TTaiwan.