Migration and Development Policies and Practices A mapping study of eleven European countries and the European Commission Commissioned and funded by: Migration and Development Policies and Practices A mapping study of eleven European countries and the European Commission Prepared by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), Vienna – Austria and the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM), Maastricht – The Netherlands Commissioned and funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Berne – Switzerland Research Team ICMPD: Malin Frankenhaeuser, Marion Noack, Alessia Bacchi ECDPM: Niels Keijzer, Henrike Klavert, Anna Knoll Acknowledgements The authors of this study would like to thank all government counterparts who kindly contributed to this study by sharing information and reviewing the draft chapters of the analysis. The contri- butions of the following co-authors are also acknowledged with gratitude: Ane Kristine Djupedal, Julie Héraud, Katharina Natter, Lisa Salcedo Pfeiffer and Petra Mezzetti. Furthermore, the thought- ful advice of Lukas Gehrke throughout the process is greatly appreciated. Finally, the authors would also like to thank the Global Program on Migration and Development as well as the Policy & Analysis Division at SDC for their valuable inputs and guidance. The anal- ysis presented in this study, however, does not represent the views of any organisation and the authors take full responsibility for any errors that may remain. Gonzagagasse 1 Onze Lieve Vrouweplein 21 A-1010 Vienna 6211 HE Maastricht Austria The Netherlands www.icmpd.org www.ecdpm.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permis- sion of the copyright owners. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. The con- the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Layout and design by Rrota, Pristina, www.rrota.com Printed and bound in Austria by Communication Network ISBN: 978-3-902880-01-7 Contents List of Tables �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 List of Figures ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Foreword �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1.1. Methodological approach ........................................................................................................... 16 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2.1. The Global Migration & Development Policy Discourse ................................................................ 21 2.1.1. Early Migration & Development Milestones ........................................................................ 22 2.1.2. Main Themes and Approaches .......................................................................................... 24 2.1.3. The “3 Cs”: Capacity, Coherence and Cooperation ........................................................... 25 2.1.4. Efforts to Reconceptualise Migration & Development ........................................................ 27 2.1.5. Global Momentum for Migration & Development .............................................................. 29 2.2. Conceptualisation of Migration & Development at the European Level ........................................ 31 2.2.1. Main Themes & Approaches .............................................................................................. 32 2.2.2. The “3 Cs”: Capacity, Coherence and Cooperation ........................................................... 35 2.2.3. Efforts to Reconceptualise Migration & Development ........................................................ 38 2.3. Institutional Framework and Policy Coherence for Development .................................................. 40 2.3.1. Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................... 40 2.3.2. Policy Coherence for (Migration and) Development? ......................................................... 41 2.4. Operationalising the Migration & Development Policy ................................................................. 43 2.5. Involvement in International Fora on Migration & Development ................................................... 47 2.6. Concluding Remarks ................................................................................................................... 49 2.7. Sources ....................................................................................................................................... 53 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 3.1. Perspectives for Taking the European Agenda Forward ................................................................ 59 3.1.1. Towards a More Encompassing Approach to Migration and Mobility ................................. 59 3.1.2. Towards a More Encompassing Approach to Development ................................................ 62 3.1.3. Towards Policy Coherence for Development: the Mainstreaming Approach ...................... 64 3.2. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 66 3.3. Sources ....................................................................................................................................... 69 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4.1. Belgium ...................................................................................................................................... 73 4.1.1. The Migration and Development concept ......................................................................... 73 4.1.2. Institutional framework and policy coherence for Migration and Development ................. 74 4.1.3. Involvement in international fora on Migration and Development ...................................... 77 4.1.4. Sources ............................................................................................................................. 78 4.2. Denmark ..................................................................................................................................... 79 4.2.1. The Migration and Development concept ......................................................................... 79 4.2.2. Institutional framework and policy coherence for Migration and Development ................. 82 4.2.3. Operationalising the Migration and Development policy ................................................... 83 4.2.4. Involvement in international fora on Migration and Development ..................................... 85 4.2.5. Sources ............................................................................................................................. 86 4.3. France ......................................................................................................................................... 87 4.3.1. The Migration and Development concept .......................................................................... 87 4.3.2. Institutional framework and policy coherence for Migration and Development .................. 89 4.3.3. Operationalising the Migration and Development policy .................................................... 91 4.3.4. Involvement in international fora on Migration and Development ...................................... 95 4.3.5. Sources ............................................................................................................................. 97 4.4. Germany ..................................................................................................................................... 98 4.4.1. The Migration and Development concept .......................................................................... 98 4.4.2. Institutional framework and policy coherence for Migration and Development ................ 100 4.4.3. Operationalising the Migration and Development policy .................................................. 105 4.4.4. Involvement in international fora on Migration and Development .................................... 109 4.4.5. Sources ........................................................................................................................... 111 4.5. Italy ........................................................................................................................................... 113 4.5.1. The Migration and Development concept ....................................................................... 113 4.5.2. Institutional framework and policy coherence for Migration and Development ................ 115 4.5.3. Operationalising migration and development policy ........................................................ 117 4.5.4. Involvement