Notes 1 Criminal narratives: Textualising crime 1. Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor Vol. 1: The London Street Folk (London: Frank Cass, 1967 [1851]), pp. 308-309. 2. Ibid., p. 223. 3. Ibid., p. 230. 4. Michael Hughes, 'Foreword' to Charles Hindley's Curiosities of Street Literature (London: Seven Dials Press, 1969), p. 11. The original text by Hindley was published by Reeves and Turner of London in 1871. 5. Thomas W. Laqueur, 'Crowds, Carnival and the State in English Executions, 1604-1868', in The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone, eds, A. L. Beier, D. Cannadine and James M. Rosenheim (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 305-355, p. 309. 6. V. A. C. Gatrell, The Hanging Tree: Execution and the English People (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 94. 7. October 1861, p. 399. Cited in Victor Neuberg, Popular Literature: A History and Guide (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1997), p. 142. 8. Richard Altick, Victorian Studies in Scarlet (London: Dent, 1972), p. 42. 9. Mayhew, London Labour, p. 234. 10. Ibid. 11. Leslie Shepard, The History of Street Literature (Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1973), p. 193. 12. Laqueur, 'Crowds, Carnival and the State', p. 309. 13. Charles Hindley, Curiosities of Street Literature, p. d. 14. Ibid., p. 2. 15. Mayhew, London Labour, p. 222. 16. Hindley, Curiosities, p. 197. 17. Ibid. 18. Gatrell, The Hanging Tree, p. 70. 19. Altick, Victorian Studies in Scarlet, p. 39. 20. 'A collection of miscellaneous broadsides, consisting chiefly of Almanacks and accounts of criminal trials 1801-58', British Library. No publisher or specific date is given to this collection. It appears to be the work of a private individual. 21. Hindley, Curiosities, p. 192. 22. Laqueur, 'Crowds, Carnival', p. 309. 23. Ibid., p. 315. 24. Hindley, Curiosities, p. 188. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid. 27. Gatrell, The Hanging Tree, p. 75. 28. Hindley, Curiosities, p. 188. 174 Notes 175 29. Martin J. Wiener, Reconstructing the Criminal: Culture, Law and Policy in England, 1830-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 [1990]), p. 96. 30. Mayhew, London Labour, p. 234. 31. For an acount of the Newgate novel see Keith Hollingsworth, The Newgate Novel 1830-47: Bulwer, Ainsworth, Dickens and Thackeray (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963). 32. This apologia appeared in the Gazette of 8 August 1818, and is cited in Charles Pollit, De Quincey's Editorship of the Westmorland Gazette (Kendal and London: n.p., 1890), pp. 12-13. 33. De Quincey, in the Gazette of 18 September 1818, cited in Pollit, De Quincey's Editorship, pp. 5 and 15. 34. Ibid., p. 8. 35. De Quincey, 'On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 21:122 (February 1827), pp. 199-213. 36. The murders were committed in December 1811, but De Quincey consistently, in all his work on the subject, gives the date as 1812. 37. This essay was first published in the London Magazine (October 1823) under the series title of 'Notes from the Pocket-Book of a Late Opium-Eater'. See also David Masson, ed., The Collected Writings ofThomas De Quincey Vol. X: Literary Theory and Criticism (Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1890), pp. 389-394. 38. Masson, The Collected Works Vol. X, p. 390. 39. Ibid., p. 391. 40. De Quincey, 'On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts', in The Collected Works of Thomas De Quincey Vol. XIII: Tales and Prose Phantasies, ed., David Masson (Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1890), p. 9. 41. Ibid., p. 10. 42. Ibid., p. 11, cited by Masson in footnote 1. 43. Ibid., p. 71. 44. Ibid., p. 11. 45. Ibid., p. 46. 46. Ibid., p. 12. 47. Ibid., p. 13. 48. Ibid., p. 12. 49. Ibid., pp. 14-15. 50. Ibid., p. 35. 51. Ibid. 52. Ibid., p. 47. 53. A. S. Plumtree, 'The Artist as Murderer', in Thomas De Quincey Bicentenary Studies, ed., Robert Lance Snyder (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985), pp. 140-163, p. 155. 54. De Quincey, 'Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 46:289 (November 1839), pp. 661-668. 55. Masson, The Collected Works Vol. XIII, p. 53. 56. Ibid., p. 70, footnote 2. 57. Ibid., p. 74. 58. Greve! Lindop, The Opium-Eater: A Life of Thomas De Quincey (London: Dent, 1981), pp. 378-379. 59. Lennard Davis, Factual Fictions: The Origins of the English Novel (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996 [1983]), p. 48. 176 Notes 60. 'Introduction', Robert Morrison and Chris Baldick, eds, Tales of Terror from Blackwood's Magazine (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. vii-xxi, p. xv. 61. Hindley, Curiosities, p. 4. 62. Alvin Sullivan, ed., British Literary Magazines, Vol. II: The Romantic Age 1789-1836 (Westport, Conn. and London: Greenwood Press, 1983), p. 45. 63. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine was 'a 2s. 6d monthly' publication, a price which placed it beyond the reach of much of the population. See Scott Bennett, 'Revolutions in Thought: Serial Publication and the Mass Market for Reading', in The Victorian Press: Samples and Soundings, eds, Joanne Shattock and Michael Wolff (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1982), pp. 225-260, pp. 235-236. 64. Robert D. Mayo, 'Gothic Romance in the Magazines', Publications of the Modern Language Association 65 (1950), pp. 762-789, p. 764. 65. Daniel Keyte Sandford, 'A Night in the Catacombs', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 4:19 (October 1818), pp. 19-23; William Maginn, 'The Man in the Bell', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 10:57 (November 1821), pp. 373-375; Anon., 'The Last Man', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 19:110 (March 1826), pp. 284-286. 66. 'Cautionary Hints to Speculators on the Increase of Crimes', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 3:14 (May 1818), pp. 176-178, p. 176. 67. Ibid., p. 176. 68. Ibid., pp. 177-178. 69. Ibid., p. 177. 70. 'Hints for Jurymen', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 13:78 (June 1823), pp. 673-685. 71. Ibid., p. 674. 72. Ibid. 73. Ibid., pp. 679ff. and p. 681. 74. John Galt, 'The Buried Alive', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 10:56 (October 1821), pp. 262-264, and Henry Thomson, 'Le Revenant', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 23:124 (April1827), pp. 409-416. 75. 'Hints for Jurymen', p. 684. 76. Ibid. 77. Ibid., pp. 684-685. 78. Robert MacNish, 'An Execution in Paris', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 24:146 (December 1828), pp. 785-788. 79. Ibid., 'An Execution in Paris', p. 785. 80. Ibid., p. 788. 81. Ibid. 82. Ibid., p. 787. 83. 'Beck and Dunlop on Medical Jurisprudence', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 17:98 (March 1825), pp. 351-352, p. 352. 84. John Wilson, 'Extracts from Gosschen's Diary', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 3:17 (August 1818), pp. 596-598. 85. Ibid., p. 597. 86. Ibid. 87. Thomson, 'Le Revenant', p. 409. 88. Ibid. Notes 177 89. Ibid. 90. Letter from Lamb to William Hone. See Charles and Mary Lamb, Letters, ed., E. V. Lucas (London, 1912), II, p. 773. Cited in Hollingsworth, The Newgate Novel, p. 59. 91. Thomson, 'Le Revenant', p. 416. 92. Anon., 'The Forgers', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 9:53 (August 1821), pp. 572-577, pp. 572 and 573. 93. Stephen Knight, Fonn and Ideology in Crime Fiction (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980), p. 11. 94. 'The Forgers', p. 574. 95. Ibid. 96. 'The Forgers', p. 575. 97. Ibid., p. 577. 98. Ibid., p. 573. 99. Ibid., p. 574. 100. John Wilson, 'Expiation', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 28:172 (October 1830), pp. 628-643. 101. Ibid., p. 629. 102. Ibid. 103. Ibid., p. 630. 104. Ibid., pp. 631 and 633. 105. Ibid., p. 639. 106. Ibid., p. 632. 107. Ibid. 108. Ibid., p. 636. 109. Ibid. 110. Ibid., p. 637. 111. Ibid., p. 638. 112. Ibid., p. 643. 2 Making the case for the professionals 1. C. R. B. Dunlop, 'Samuel Warren: A Victorian Law and Literature Practitioner', Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature, New York 12:2 (Fall-Winter 2000), pp. 265-291,p. 284. 2. A Popular Introduction to Law Studies (1835), The Moral, Social, and Profes­ sional Duties of Attorneys and Solicitors (1848), Blackstone's Commentaries Systematically Abridged and Adapted to the Existing State of the Law and Constitution With Great Additions (1855-1856). 3. Samuel Warren, Miscellanies Critical, Imaginative, and Juridical, 2 Vols (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood, 1855). 4. The 'Passages' were later published in collected form as Passages from the Diary of a Late Physician (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood, 1842 [1838]), p. vi. All further references will be to the collected edition, with details of original publication in Chambers's given in the text. 5. Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet (London: Penguin, 1981 [1887]), p. 23. 6. Samuel Warren, Preface, Passages from the Diary of a Late Physician. 178 Notes 7. Ten-Thousand a Year, serialised in Blackwood's (1839-1841), published in book form in 1841 by William Blackwood, and Now and Then (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood, 1847). 8. Peter Drexler, Literatur, Recht, Kriminalitdt: Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte des englischen Detectivromans 1830-1890 (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1991), p. 94. Translation approved by author. 9. Warren, Preface to Passages (1842), p. vi. 10. Warren, 'The Bracelets', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 31:1 (January 1832), pp. 39-53. 11. Warren, Preface to Passages (1842), p. vii. 12. Robert Morrison and Chris Baldick, eds, 'Introduction', Tales of Terror from Blackwood's Magazine (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. xvii. 13. Edgar Allan Poe, 'Ten Thousand a Year. By the Author of "The Diary of a London Physician." Carey and Hart, Philadelphia', in Graham's Magazine November (1841), reprinted in The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, Vol.