Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes The following will be discussed in this Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona presentation Gardens and Homes • Poisonous plants affecting dogs and cats • Poisonous garden and house plants commonly grown in Arizona Tony Knight BVSc., MS, DACVIM Pima County Master Gardener Rain Lily Arizona poppy Coral bean Toxic House & Garden Plants Plants most commonly reported to • Arrowhead plant (Syngonium podophyllum) • Ivy (Hedera species) Poison Center Hotlines • Asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus) • Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) • Begonia species • Philodendron species • 1. Capsicum • 11. Zantedeschia • Caladium (Caladium bicolor) • Pothos (Epipremnum pinnatum) • 2. Dieffenbachia • 12. Ilex • Cardboard palm (Zamia furfuracea) • Rubber plant (Ficus elastica) • 3. Philodendron • 13. Epipremnum • Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema modestum) • Sago palm (Cycas revoluta) • 4. Caladium • 14. Iris • Coontie (Zamia pumila) • Satin pothos (Scindapsus pictus) • 5. Spathiphyllum • 15. Eucalyptus • Corn plant (Dracaena fragrans) • Schefflera species (Schefflera actinophylla) • 6. Datura • 16. Ephedra • Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus) • Shamrock (Oxalis spp.) • 7. Euphorbia • 17. Hedera • Cycads (Cycas and Zamia species) • Spathiphyllum • 8. Ficus • 18. Arisaema • Dracaena species • Split-leaf philodendron (Monstera deliciosa) • 9. Narcissus • 19. Piper nigrum • Dumb cane (Dieffenbachia amoena) • Taro (Colocasia esculenta) • 10. Phytolacca • 20. Begonia • Elephant’s Ear (Colocasia spp.) • Ti plant (Cordyline fruticose) • Fiddleleaf fig (Ficus lyrata) • Tree philodendron (Philodendron selloum) http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poisons/ • Golden pothos (Scindapsus aureus) • Yew (Taxus spp.) 1 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Toxic House Plants Amaryllis (Hippeastrum species and hybrids) Poisonous Native Plants Anthurium scherzerianum To name but a few… Cycads (Cycas and Zamia species) Clivia Clivia (Clivia miniata) • Locoweeds Crown of thorns (Euphorbia milii) • Death camas Cyclamen • Lupine Hyacinth (Hyacinthus species and hybrids) • Nightshade Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) Aloe vera (Aloe barbedensis) • Larkspur Jade plant (Crassula ovata) • Water hemlock Kalanchoe species • Milk weeds • Senecio Mirabilis jalapa Malati, 4 o’clocks “The dose makes the poison” 2 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Oleander Nerium oleander (indicum) Oleander Nerium oleander Cardiotoxic Cardenolides are concentrated in the leaves, flowers and seeds Heart dysrhythmia Death Yellow Oleander - Thevetia peruviana 3 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Adeniums Is compost made from oleander leaves safe to use on a vegetable garden ? Milk weeds – Asclepias species Desert rose Adenium species Many hybrids Many Cardiotoxic alkaloids in all parts of the plant All are cardio-toxic 4 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes 10 of the world’s most Deadly Plants • Castor bean • Water hemlock • Poison hemlock • Yew • Oleander • Monk’s hood • White snake root • Angel’s trumpet • Carolina jasmine • Manchineel, manzanilla de la muerte • Suicide tree (Cerbera odollam) http://io9.gizmodo.com/5841540/10-of-the-worlds-deadliest-plants----and-how-they-kill-you Peyote – Lophophora williamsii Mescaline Psychoactive Pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli Poisonous 5 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Euphorbia tirucalli Pencil cactus Aloes ‘Sticks of Fire’ Over 450 species Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) The sap contains potent purgatives - Barbaloin (anthraquinone) converted by intestinal bacteria to Aloe-emodin. Candelabra Cactus Slipper plant, Gallito Euphorbia lactea Euphorbia tithymaloides (Pedilanthus tithymaloides) Euphorbiaceae Irritant sap Irritant sap 6 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Christ thorn Myrtle spurge Euphorbia milii Euphorbia myrsinites Ipomoea species Morning Glory Lysergic alkaloids Psychoactive Sacred Datura Datura wrightii Not Poisonous Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima 7 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Sacred Datura Jimson weed Datura wrightii Datura stramonium Angel’s Trumpet Brugmansia hybrid Carolina Jessamine Daily Mail.com Gelsemium sempervirens Contains potent alkaloids Gelseminine and Gelsemine. – similar to strychnine ‘Heartbreak grass’ was used to kill Chinese tycoon Long Liyuan. It was administered during lunch in his favourite dish, slow-boiled cat stew. 8 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Heartbreak grass Heartbreak grass Gelsemium elegans Carolina Jessamine Rankin's trumpet flower Gelsemium elegans Gelsemium sempervirens swamp jessamine Gelsemium rankinii Gelsemium species contains two potent alkaloids, Gelseminine and Gelsemine. – similar to strychnine Acts primarily on the anterior cornus of grey matter of the spinal cord causing respiratory arrest and death. Corral Bean Erythrina species Lantana Lantana camara All parts of the plant and especially the red seeds are poisonous Toxic alkaloids cause paralysis Liver toxin 9 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Brunfelsia pauciflora Brazilian Rain Tree, Yesterday-today and tomorrow ‘Yesterday-today and tomorrow’ Toxicity Seizures Depression Hypotension Paralysis Kalanchoes Kalanchoe spp. Crassulaceae Toxin - Cardiotoxic bufadienolides Kalanchoe thyrsiflora Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 10 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Chinese/Japanese Bamboo Nandina domestica Cyanogenic glycosides Respiratory depression Seizures in dogs Cycads, Cardboard palm Zamia species Onions Sago palm (Cycas revoluta) Allium species Fruits highly toxic Severe Liver disease – dogs, humans 11 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Wisteria Wisteria sinensis Onions - Allium cepa N-propyl disulfide - toxic to cats, dogs, livestock Texas Mountain Laurel Sophora secundiflora Wisteria Wisteria sinensis All parts are toxic Gastroenteritis 12 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Golden Pothos Dumb Cane Epipremnum aureum Dieffenbachia seguine Oxalates Mouth irritation Vomiting Oxalates Caladium spp. Kidney failure Agloenema spp. Oxalis spp. Colocasia spp. Oxalates Oxalates Mouth irritation Vomiting Peace Lily Anthurium spp. Kidney failure Spathophyllum spp. Arisaema spp. Caryota spp. 13 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Tiger lily Lilium tigrum What is the most poisonous plant cats are commonly exposed to in households? Easter lily Lilium longiflorum Day Lilies Hemoracallis species All Lilium species are toxic to cats Poisonous to cats until proven otherwise. 14 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Cats are highly susceptible Dogs are not! Toxin unknown Plant Bulbs Leaves and flowers are toxic are always a 3 clinical phases risk especially Anorexia, salivation, vomiting, to dogs. depression. Polyuria leading to dehydration. Acute kidney failure Death. Oxalates Oxalates Amaryllis lily Mouth irritation Hippeastrum spp. Calla Lily Vomiting Zantedeschia aethiopica Kidney failure 15 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Clivia miniata Clivia lily Salivation Clivia miniata Vomiting (Amaryllidaceae) Diarrhea Hypotension Depression Avocado Persea americana • Toxin - Persin Inhibits Na/K+ ATPase? • Leaves toxic Ripe fruit not toxic • Horses, goats, cattle Birds, rabbits • Myocardial necrosis Horses – edema head/neck Guatemalan varieties toxic Sterile mastitis – necrosis of Rough skinned mammary epithelium • Sudden death 16 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Plumeria Mesquite Plumeria obtusa Prosopsis spp. Phytobezoar Milky sap is an irritant. - Salivation, Diarrhea Cardiotoxic China berry China berry Melia azadarach Melia azadarach Meliatoxins Sudden death Less acute signs - Vomiting, diarrhea, Neurologic signs Paralysis 17 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Oak (Quercus spp.) Yew – Taxus species Gallotannins Kidney failure Zephyranthes grandiflora Kallstroemia grandiflora Erythrina flabelliformis Southeastern Arizona Wildflowers and the Plants of the Sonoran Desert http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/category/poisonous-plants USDA Plant Database Yew - Taxus japonicus Cardiotoxic alkaloid Taxine 18 Poisonous Plants Common in Arizona 10/11/2019 Gardens and Homes Available through: Thank You Teton New Media P.O. Box 4833 Jackson Wyoming 83001-9965 Toll free 877 306 9793 www/csuvth.colostate.edu/poisonous_plants Coral Bean – Erythrina spp. 19.