“ADMINISTARTIVE SYSTEM OF JAPAN “ Dr. VIBHOOTI NARAYAN ASSISTANT PROESSOR, DPA BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY ( A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY ) SALIENT FEATURES...... Constitutional monarchy Parliamentary form of government Unitary form of government Judicial review Supremacy of the Constitution Abdication of war EXECUTIVE EMPEROR- Naruhito since 2019 Imperial Head /Head of state Ceremonial figurehead/Nominal head Symbolism FUNCTION/ROLE OF EMPEROR EXCUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICCIAL DIPLOMATIC MILITARY EXECUTIVE…… Prime Minister- Shinzo Abe REAL EXECUTIVE/ HEAD OF GOVERNMENT ROLE/ FUNCTION- Head Presides Appoint and Dismiss Control and guide LEGISLATIVE Kokkai or Diet Bicameral- House of Representative and House of Councilors Sole law-making organ of the state MAIN ROLE- Enactment of law / Policy SHUGI-IN OR HOUSE OF THE RPERESENTATIVE Lower house More powerful 480 seats- 300 member from single member constituency and 180 from proportional representation • Four year term • Can be dissolved SANGI-IN OR HOUSE OF COUNCILLORS The Upper House 242 seats 6-year term Cannot be dissolved Can reject bills JUDICIARY THERE ARE 5 TYPES OF COURT SUPREME COURT HIGH COURT DISTRITC COURT FAMILY COURT SUMMARY COURT SUPREME COURT Highest court Chief Justice is appointed by Emperor Rest 14 judges are appointed by cabinet CIVIL SERVICES OF JAPAN The Japanese Civil Services Underwent A Basic Change After The Meiji Restoration 1868. After The 2nd World War, The Japanese Civil Services Are Democratized, Modernized, Rationalized, And Professionalized Along The American Lines. National government civil servants are divided into "special" and "regular" categories. Appointments in the special category are governed by political or other factors and do not involve competitive examinations. This category includes cabinet ministers, heads of independent agencies, members of the Self- Defense Forces, Diet officials, and Ambassadors. The core of the civil service is composed of members of the regular category, who are recruited through competitive examinations. This group is further divided into junior service and upper professional civil service elite. CIVIL SERVICES…… The national personnel authority (NPA)is the central personnel agency in the Japan. It was established under A statute in 1949. It is an autonomous body . it administers the national public services law of 1947 and thus looks after the management of civil services in Japan. The University of Tokyo law faculty is the single most important source of elite bureaucrats. After graduation from college and, increasingly, some graduate-level study, applicants take a series of difficult higher civil service examinations. Recently, many top-class candidates in universities prefer to choose financial companies or certificate of lawyers and accountants rather than civil services. Japans elite bureaucrats are free from any political pressure because they work under civil service act. The Ministry of Finance is generally considered the most powerful and prestigious of the ministries of Japan. Its top officials are regarded as the cream of the elite CIVIL SERVICES…… The University of Tokyo law faculty is the single most important source of elite bureaucrats. After graduation from college and, increasingly, some graduate-level study, applicants take a series of difficult higher civil service examinations. The typical young bureaucrat, who is in most cases male, is an intelligent, hardworking, and dedicated individual. Recently, many top-class candidates in universities prefer to choose financial companies or certificate of lawyers and accountants rather than civil services. Japans elite bureaucrats are free from any political pressure because they work under civil service act. The Ministry of Finance is generally considered the most powerful and prestigious of the ministries of Japan. Its top officials are regarded as the LOCAL GOVERNMENT The local government system in Japan consists of two tiers: prefectures and the municipalities that make up the prefectures. Prefectures are regional authorities comprising municipalities, and are in charge of broader regional administration. Japan is made up of 47 prefectures. The prefectural government consists of A governor and an assembly. The governor is the chief executive of a prefecture. He is elected by the local people for the 4 years term. He can be removed by the prime minister of Japan. LOCAL GOVERNMENT……. The local governments of the cities, towns, and villages are known as the municipalities. Municipalities are local public entities that have a strong and direct relationship with local residents and handle affairs directly related to the residents. There are no essential differences between cities, towns, and villages in their responsibilities. Each municipality has mayor and a council. The mayor is the chief executive of a municipality. • He is elected by the local people for a term of 4years. Mayor has complete control over local administration and local finance including the preparation of the budget He can be removed by the governor of the prefecture. .