AP Biology Ecology Unit Review Mader & Windelspecht, Chapters 43-47 Disclaimer: This review is intended to supplement, not supplant, the book and classroom activities. Anything covered in class and/ or the book may appear on the test. The absence of material on this review does not guarantee the absence of the material on the test. Chapter 43: Behavioral Ecology. 1. Define behavioral ecology: 2. Explain the difference between proximate and ultimate causes. 3. What is a fixed action pattern? Give an example. 4. What is imprinting? Give an example. 5. Describe the following innate behaviors: a. Kinesis b. Taxis c. Migration d. Signals 6. What are pheromones, and how do they help in communication? 7. What are the differences between innate and learned behaviors? 8. Describe the following learned behaviors: a. Habituation b. Spatial learning c. Cognitive maps d. Associative learning e. Classical Conditioning f. Operant Conditioning g. Cognition and Problem Solving 9. Explain how behavioral traits can evolve. 10. Describe the Optimal Foraging Theory 11. Define the 3 types of mating/parental care systems: a. Promiscuous b. Monogamous c. Polygamous 12. Describe the following behaviors: a. Agonistic b. Altruistic c. Social Learning d. Kin selection Chapter 44 Population Ecology: 1. List the methods of counting/ estimating the number of individuals in a population. 2. Describe 3 patterns of dispersal. AP Biology 3. Describe the following types of survival strategies a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III 4. Compare semelparity and itelparity reproductive strategies. 5. What is exponential growth? Draw an exponential growth curve. 6. What is logistical growth? Draw a logistical growth curve. 7. What is carrying capacity? 8. What happens as a population approaches carrying capacity? 9. Compare K-selected and r-selected species. Give an example of each. 10. Compare density independent and density independent factors that limit populations. 11. Have humans reached K? Chapter 45: Community Ecology: 1. Define interspecific interactions: 2. Fill in the chart of interspecific interactions: Interaction Effects on population Description Competition -/- Predation Herbivory Symbiosis xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism 3. What is the competitive exclusion principle? 4. Describe Gausse’s experiment with Paramecia. 5. Define ecological niche. 6. Define and give an example of resource partitioning. AP Biology 7. Define or give an example of the following animal defenses a. Cryptic coloring b. Aposematic coloration c. Batesian mimicry d. Mullerian mimicry 8. What is a trophic level? 9. What is the rule of 10? 10. Define the following: a. Dominant species b. Keystone species c. Foundation species 11. Why are keystone species important to a community? 12. Why is species diversity important to an ecosystem? 13. Define ecological succession. 14. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Chapter 46: Ecology and the Biosphere: 1. Define ecology 2. Define: a. Biosphere b. Ecosystem c. Community d. Population 3. List three biotic factors that affect distribution. 4. List three abiotic factors that affect distribution. 5. What is a biome? 6. What is the difference between a lake that is oligotrophic and one that is eutrophic? Chapter 46 (cont.): Ecosystems: 1. Define: a. Primary productivity: b. Gross primary productivity: c. Net primary productivity: 2. Which ecosystem has the highest productivity per unit area? 3. Why is the open ocean so low in productivity? 4. What happens to the size of each level of an idealized ecological pyramid as energy is transferred through each trophic level? 5. What happens to energy and biomass as it is transferred through the trophic levels? 6. What is the difference in the transfer of energy and nutrients (elements) through an ecosystem? 7. What are the processes that move Carbon through an ecosystem? 8. What is the impact of combustion on the Carbon Cycle? AP Biology 9. Identify each of the following in the nitrogen cycle: a. Fixation b. Nitrification c. Denitrification 10. What is biological magnification? Chapter 47: Conservation Biology 1. Define the following: a. Genetic diversity b. Species diversity c. Ecosystem diversity 2. What are the benefits of species and genetic diversity? 3. What are the 4 major threats to biodiversity? 4. How does the loss of genetic variation relate to a species ability to evolve? .