Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of STD Prevention (DSTDP) State Statutory and Regulatory Language Regarding Prenatal Syphilis Screenings in the United States, 2018 Prepared by: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention January 23, 2020 Disclaimer: The information in this document does not represent the official legal positions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/HHS, or state and local governments, and is not meant to provide specific legal advice. Users of this document should consult with their official state and local legal counsel for specific legal advice and guidance. Executive Summary The number of reported cases of congenital syphilis (CS) has increased every year since 2012 in the United States. From 2012 to 2017, the CS rate increased 177% from 8.4 to 23.3 cases per 100,000 live births.1 CS prevention relies on screening and treatment of pregnant women found to have syphilis. Many states’ laws require syphilis testing of pregnant women. Thus, state policies regarding prenatal syphilis screening may be one way to address rising CS rates through increased screening. This document includes the text of state laws requiring screening of pregnant women for syphilis in the United States, as of December 2018. These results are based upon a 2018 peer reviewed article published in the Maternal and Child Health Journal that analyzes these laws as of 2016; details of the methods used in performing the legal analysis underlying these results can be found in that article.2 This document expands upon that article through an updated legal assessment as of 2018. It also includes the text of the laws underlying the analysis in order to facilitate a better understanding of these policies. 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2017. 2 Warren HP, Cramer R, Kidd S, Leichliter JS. State requirements for prenatal syphilis screening in the United States, 2016. Matern Child Health J. 2018;22(9):1227-1232. 2 Legal requirements for syphilis screening among pregnant women by time of test and state, 2018 State First Visit Third Trimester Delivery Alabama X O X Alaska X Arizona X X X Arkansas X X California X Colorado X Connecticut X X Delaware X X DC X X Florida X X O Georgia X X O Hawaii X Screening required Idaho X Screening Required O Illinois X X only if at increased risk Indiana X O Iowa Kansas X Kentucky X Louisiana X X O Maine Maryland X X O Massachusetts X Michigan X X O Minnesota Mississippi Missouri X O O Montana X Nebraska X Nevada X X New Hampshire New Jersey X X New Mexico X X X New York X North Carolina X X X North Dakota Ohio X Oklahoma X Oregon X Pennsylvania X O Rhode Island X South Carolina X South Dakota X Tennessee X O Texas X X Utah X Vermont X Virginia X Washington X West Virginia X Wisconsin Wyoming X 3 Table of Contents Alabama ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Alaska .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Arizona ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Arkansas ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12 California ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Colorado......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Connecticut .................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Delaware ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 District of Columbia ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 Florida ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Georgia .......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Hawaii ............................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Idaho .............................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Illinois ............................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Indiana ........................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Iowa ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 Kansas ........................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Kentucky ........................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Louisiana ........................................................................................................................................................................ 55 Maine ............................................................................................................................................................................. 56 Maryland ........................................................................................................................................................................ 57 Massachusetts ............................................................................................................................................................... 60 Michigan ......................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Minnesota ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Missouri .......................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Montana ......................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Nebraska ........................................................................................................................................................................ 67 Nevada ........................................................................................................................................................................... 68 4 New Hampshire ............................................................................................................................................................. 69 New Jersey .................................................................................................................................................................... 73 New Mexico ................................................................................................................................................................... 75 New York........................................................................................................................................................................ 76 North Carolina ................................................................................................................................................................ 77 Ohio ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79 Oklahoma ....................................................................................................................................................................... 80 Oregon ........................................................................................................................................................................... 81 Pennsylvania .................................................................................................................................................................