FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA HABITAT III NATIONAL REPORT for the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat lll) Federal Ministry of Power, Works and Housing September, 2016 CONTENTS Page Acronyms and Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Foreword………………………………………………………………………………................................. 8 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………............................ 9 CHAPTER 1: URBAN DEMOGRAPHIC ISSUES AND CHALLENGES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 1.1 Nigeria: An Overview................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Urban Demographic Issues......................................................................................... 10 1.3 Managing Rapid Urbanization.................................................................................... 11 1.4 Managing Rural-Urban Linkages................................................................................ 13 1.5 Addressing Urban Youth Needs.................................................................................. 14 1.6 Responding to the Needs of the Aged......................................................................... 16 1.7 Integrating Gender in Urban Development................................................................. 17 1.8 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt.............................................................. 18 1.9 Priority Issues for a New Urban Agenda..................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2: LAND AND URBAN PLANNING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 2.1 Overview...................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 Ensuring Sustainable Urban Planning and Design...................................................... 22 2.3 Improving Urban Land Management/Including Addressing Urban Sprawl............... 23 2.4 Enhancing Urban and Peri-Urban Food Production.................................................... 25 2.5 Addressing Urban Mobility Challenges...................................................................... 26 2.6 Improving Technical Capacity to Plan and Manage Cities......................................... 29 2.7 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt.............................................................. 30 2.8 Priority Issues for a New Urban Agenda..................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 3: ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 3.1 Overview..................................................................................................................... 33 3.2 Addressing Climate Change........................................................................................ 33 3.3 Disaster Risk Reduction.............................................................................................. 34 3.4 Air Pollution................................................................................................................ 35 3.5 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt.............................................................. 36 3.6 Priority Issues for a New Urban Agenda..................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 4: URBAN GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 38 4.1 Overview....................................................................................................................... 38 4.2 Improving Urban Legislation....................................................................................... 38 4.3 Decentralization and Strengthening of Local Authorities............................................ 40 4.4 Improving Participation and Human Rights in Urban Development........................... 41 4.5 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security.......................................................................... 41 2 4.6 Improving Social Inclusion and Equity....................................................................... 43 4.6 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt.............................................................. 44 4.7 Priority Issues for a New Urban Agenda..................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 5: URBAN ECONOMY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 5.1 Overview..................................................................................................................... 46 5.2 Improving Municipal/Local Finance........................................................................... 46 5.3 Strengthening and Improving Access to Housing Finance......................................... 47 5.4 Supporting Local Economic Development.................................................................. 49 5.5 Creating Decent Jobs and Livelihoods........................................................................ 50 5.6 Integration of the Urban Economy into National Development Policy...................... 52 5.7 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt............................................................... 53 5.8 Priority Issues for a New Urban Agenda...................................................................... 54 CHAPTER 6: HOUSING AND BASIC SERVICES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 6.1 Overview...................................................................................................................... 56 6.2 Slum Upgrading and Prevention................................................................................... 56 6.3 Improving Access to Adequate Housing....................................................................... 58 6.4 Ensuring Sustainable Access to Safe Drinking Water.................................................. 60 6.5 Ensuring Sustainable Access to Basic Sanitation and Drainage.................................. 61 6.6 Improving Access to Clean Domestic Energy.............................................................. 62 6.7 Improving Access to Sustainable Means of Transport................................................. 64 6.8 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt................................................................ 65 6.9 Priority Issues for a New Urban Agenda....................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 7: NATIONAL INDICATORS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 7.1 Urban Indicators Available in 1996, 2006 and 2013................................................... 68 CHAPTER 8: CASE STUDIES ON POLICY DOCUMENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 8.1 Case Study 1: The Lagos Metropolitan Master-Plan.................................................. 68 8.2 Impacts of the BRT Project........................................................................................ 70 8.3 Case Study 2: Studies of Slums in Six Nigerian Cities: The Case of Elechi, Port- Harcourt, Nigeria................................................................................................ 70 8.4 Recommendations and Conclusions............................................................................ 72 ANNEXES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 Annex 1 Members of the National Habitat Committee ...................................................... 73 Annex 2 Declaration of the National Urban Forum........................................................... 75 Annex 3 Participants at the National Urban Forum........................................................... 78 3 TABLES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 1.1 Nigeria: Population, Annual Growth Rate and Percentage Urbanization (1953-2025)........................................................................................................ 11 Table 1.2 Nigeria: Urban/Rural Population Spread.......................................................... 12 Table 6.1 Implementation of MDG Projects in the Urban Sector (2006 -2015) ............ 57 Table 7.1 Urban Indicators Available in 1996, 2006 and 2013........................................ 68 Table 7.2 Urban-Related Data Relevant to the National Habitat III Report.................... 68 FIGURES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fig. 1.1 Map of Nigeria Showing the States of the Federation and Geo-Political Zones.......................................................................................... 11 Fig 6.1 Urban Slum Population in Nigeria.................................................................... 57 BOXES 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