COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) GENERATION Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Commission Decision 2008/952/EC May 2017 The reporting template combined heat and power generation allows for data transmission starting with reference year 2016. According to DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC the deadline for providing data is the 30st of April the second year after the reference year (T+2). Please send your reporting template to: European Commission, Eurostat, Energy Statistics (for Member States of the European Union, EU Candidate Countries and EFTA Countries) Transmission details are provided below: The completed reporting template should be transmitted to Eurostat via the Single Entry Point (SEP) following the implementing procedures of eDAMIS (electronic Data files Administration and Management Information System), selecting the electronic data collection ENERGY_CHP_A and indicating the submission year. E-MAIL ADDRESS [email protected] NOTE For questions regarding the questionnaire, contact Mr Michael Goll e-mail: [email protected] Telephone: + 352 4301 32782 1 Foreword The purpose of these Reporting Instructions is to help statisticians in EU Member States and in other countries to fill the CHP reporting template correctly. It is written in a way as to make also non-CHP experts understand the basic ideas and concepts behind the data collection. Therefore, certain aspects are described in a simplified manner and are probably from a technical perspective not always 100% correct. This is done to keep these instructions manageable. 2 Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Purpose of the data collection ............................................................................... 5 1.2. Different CHP technologies ................................................................................... 6 1.2.1. Mode of production .................................................................................................. 6 1.2.2. Type of technologies ................................................................................................ 7 1.2.3. 'Normal' setup of a CHP installation (Commission Decision 2008/952/EC) .......... 7 2. Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 8 Heat ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Electricity ............................................................................................................................... 9 Fuel ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Efficiencies ........................................................................................................................... 10 Power-to-heat ratio (= C) ..................................................................................................... 11 Capacities ............................................................................................................................. 12 Other definitions ................................................................................................................... 14 3. Assumptions .................................................................................................................. 15 3.1. Overall efficiencies and full cogeneration mode ............................................... 15 3.2. What should the operator of a CHP unit know? .............................................. 15 3.3. Which parameters are measured? ..................................................................... 16 4. The CHP reporting template ......................................................................................... 17 5. The whole data treatment process can be divided into five major steps: ...................... 18 Flowchart for the CHP reporting template ........................................................................... 19 Step 1: Check system boundaries and calculate the overall efficiency of the CHP unit: .... 20 Step 2: Distinguish ECHP from Enon-CHP ................................................................................ 21 Step 3: Determination of fuel consumption for non-CHP-electricity .................................. 21 Step 4: Calculation of Primary Energy Savings (= PES) ..................................................... 22 Step 5: Aggregation of fuels by fuel type for the generation of CHP products ................... 24 6. References ..................................................................................................................... 26 Annex 1: Explanations regarding dual purpose boilers and reduction heat ............................. 27 Annex 2: Calculation of reference values for separate production of electricity and heat ...... 28 Annex 3: Practical examples .................................................................................................... 29 Table 1: different CHP technologies .......................................................................................... 6 Table 2: default power-to-heat values (Cdefault) ........................................................................ 12 Table 3: indicative default values for β if it is not known or cannot be calculated .................. 14 Table 4: For data reporting according to Directive 2012/27/EU excel tables (reporting templates) are provided. ............................................................................................. 17 3 1. Introduction Energy included in fuels is converted into electricity in conventional thermal power stations with a relatively low efficiency. The amount of generated electrical energy is typically 30 – 40 % of the energy content of the fuel consumed, and even in the most modern power plants it is 'only' around 60%. The rest of the thermal energy is emitted into the environment. The principle of combined heat and power production (CHP) is to use the remaining heat from the power generation for example for heating of buildings or in industrial processes as process heat. By doing so primary energy can be saved by this simultaneous production of heat and electricity. This means that less fuel is used than in separated generation processes (electricity only, heat only). CHP units have the potential to work with high total efficiency and the amount of losses can be reduced even down to 10 – 20 % of the used fuel. CHP technologies are typically used for district heating networks or to supply industries with process heat, but CHP is also used in agriculture, the residential sector and the tertiary sector. However, the dissemination of the generated heat is a challenge due to the distribution losses. But also other obstacles for the heat distribution exist. As a consequence of these losses when transporting heat in pipes or networks, CHP installations should be established as near as possible to the consumers of the heat. Therefore, big electrical power plants (e.g. nuclear power plants, power plants using lignite) are very often not equipped with a CHP technology due to their distance to the consumers of the heat. However, some exceptions exist. Power plants can consist of several units, which may or may not be CHP units. It is therefore important to identify the CHP unit and to respect the CHP system boundaries (Commission Decision 2008/952/EC). Different CHP technologies have been developed. They can be split into two major groups: Flexible units, which can adapt to the heat demand (adjustable power-to-heat ratio). These are installations using steam to run a turbine. At certain locations in the turbine (some) steam is extracted from the turbine and used to provide heat. The extracted steam can of course not be used for electricity generation. This leads to a loss of (potential) electricity generation but to the generation of useful heat within the same process. These technologies can be operated in full cogeneration mode (maximum heat generation) but also in full condensing mode (no useful heat generation at all but maximum electricity generation). The power-to-heat ratio varies along these extremes. The way these installations are operated depends on the demand for heat. CHP units which cannot adjust to the heat demand. The heat production is constant. If there is no heat demand, they simply release the generated heat to the environment. District heating plants produce heat as a priority product. Nowadays many of them do this using one of the existing CHP technologies, but pure heat plants are still very common for district heating systems. However, CHP equipped district heating plants are often also 4 equipped with heat only boilers, which might be used instead of the CHP unit e.g. in summer time when there is little heat demand or in winter when the heat demand cannot be satisfied by the CHP unit alone. 1.1. Purpose of the data collection The purpose of the CHP statistics is to collect data in a harmonised manner