Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2015 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2015. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. iv+93pp. Citation (species): Butynski, T.M. and Hamerlynck, O. 2015. Tana River red colobus Piliocolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016, pp. 20–22. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. Layout and illustrations: © Stephen D. Nash, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, and Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Available from: Jill Lucena, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.primate-sg.org Printed by: Tray, Glen Burnie, MD, USA ISBN: 978-1-934151-95-2 Front cover photo: Chamba sacred langur (Semnopithecus ajax). Photo © WILD / Himalayan Langur Project Back cover photo: Ecuadorian brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps). Tesoro Escondido, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Photo © Juan de Dios Morales ii Contents Acknowledgements.........................................................................................iv The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates: 2014–2016..........................................1 Africa .........................................................................................................................10 Rondo dwarf galago (Galagoides rondoensis) ....................................................................11 Roloway monkey (Cercopithecus diana roloway) ................................................................14 Preuss’s red colobus (Piliocolobus preussi) .........................................................................17 Tana River red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus) .......................................................20 Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) .........................................................................23 Madagascar ................................................................................................................ 26 Lavasoa Mountains dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus lavasoensis) .........................................27 Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) ........................................................30 Red ruffed lemur Varecia( rubra) ....................................................................................33 Northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis) ....................................................36 Perrier’s sifaka (Propithecus perrieri) ...................................................................................38 Asia....................................................................................................42 Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta) ......................................................................................43 Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) ................................................................................45 Pig-tailed snub-nosed langur (Simias concolor) ...............................................................50 Delacour’s langur (Trachypithecus delacouri) .....................................................................53 Golden-headed langur or Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus) .......................56 Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) ..................................................58 Chamba sacred langur (Semnopithecus ajax).....................................................................60 Western purple-faced langur (Semnopithecus vetulus nestor) .......................................63 Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) ..................................................................................67 Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) ......................................................................................70 Neotropics ................................................................................................................73 Brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus)..............................................................................74 Ecuadorian brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) .........................76 Ka’apor capuchin (Cebus kaapori) .......................................................................................78 San Martín titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) ....................................................................81 Northern brown howler (Alouatta guariba guariba) .........................................................83 Editors’ addresses .....................................................................................................87 Contributors’ addresses .............................................................................................87 iii Acknowledgements Here, we present the 2014–2016 iteration of the list of the World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates, drawn up during an open meeting held during the XXV Congress of the International Primatological Society (IPS), Hanoi, 13 August 2014. We have updated the species profiles from the 2012–2014 edition (Schwitzer et al. 2014) for those species remaining on the list, and added profiles for newly listed species. This publication is a joint effort of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, the International Primatological Society, Conservation International, and the Bristol Zoological Society. We are most grateful to the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation for providing significant support for research and conservation efforts on these endangered primates through the direct provision of grants and through the Primate Action Fund, administered by Ms. Ella Outlaw and Anthony Rylands of the Executive Vice Chair’s Office at Conservation International. Over the years, the foundation has provided support for the training workshops held before the biennial congresses of the International Primatological Society and helped primatologists to attend the meetings to discuss the composition of the list of the world’s 25 most endangered primates. We would like to thank all of the authors who contributed to the final 2014–2016 version: Vishal Ahuja, Martina Anandam, Nary R. J. Andrianjaka, Matthew A. Banks, Thomas M. Butynski, Bosco P. L. Chan, Lounès Chikhi, Fay Clark, Ana Gabriela de Luna, Marcos de Souza Fialho, Dong Thanh Hai, Andrew Dunn, Leonardo Gomes Neves, Sharon Gursky, Olivier Hamerlynck, Andreas Hapke, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Daphne Kerhoas, Le Khac Quyet, Neahga Leonard, Joshua M. Linder, Andrés Link, Edward E. Louis Jr., W. Scott McGraw, Fabiano R. Melo, Stefan Merker, Russell A. Mittermeier, Sanjay Molur, Alba Lucia Morales-Jiménez, Bethan J. Morgan, Paola Moscoso-R., Tilo Nadler, K. Anna I. Nekaris, Vincent Nijman, Stuart Nixon, Matthew G. Nowak, John F. Oates, Perry S. Ong, Lisa M. Paciulli, Richard J. Passaro, Erik R. Patel, Andrew Perkin, Phan Duy Thuc, Martina Raffel, Christian Roos, Rasanayagam Rudran, Anthony B. Rylands, Jordi Salmona, Daniela Schrudde, Christoph Schwitzer, Myron Shekelle, Ian Singleton, Roswitha Stenke, Pablo Stevenson, Jatna Supriatna, Maurício Talebi, Dana Thiele, Diego G. Tirira, Graham Usher, Jan Vermeer, Serge A. Wich, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Lance Woolaver, John R. Zaonarivelo. Reference Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Taylor, L.A., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Wallis, J. and Clark, F.E. (eds.). 2014. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. 87pp. iv The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates: 2014–2016 Here we report on the eighth iteration of the biennial Eight of the primates were not on the previous (2012– listing of a consensus of the 25 primate species considered 2014) list (Table 3). Four of them are listed as among the to be among the most endangered worldwide and the world’s most endangered primates for the first time –the most in need of conservation measures. Lavasoa Mountains