State Enterprise Radioactive Waste 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria, 52 A G.M.Dimitrov Blvd, 6 fl.tel.: + 359 290 35 100 fax: + 359 2 962 50 78 e-mail: [email protected] NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVESTMENT PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE – NDF Sofia, January 2015 EIA REPORT OF INVESTMENT PROPOSAL “CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE – NDF” NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY, P. 2 EIA REPORT OF INVESTMENT PROPOSAL “CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE – NDF” CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 14 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL ........................................................ 17 NDF SITE AND EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................................................ 17 LAND AREAS REQUIRED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT PROPOSAL AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE AND EXPLOITATION STAGE ............................................................................................................ 19 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................................................................................... 21 DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS.......................... 22 TYPE OF THE INSTALLATION 22 DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGY 24 TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS OF DISPOSAL ..................................................................................................... 24 CONDITION CONTROL AND MONITORING ............................................................................................................ 25 EXPECTED TYPE AND QUANTITY OF RAW FOR DISPOSAL IN THE NDF. PRODUCTIVITY. .................................... 26 CAPACITY 27 STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION. CLOSING THE NDF...................................................................... 27 TYPES AND QUANTITY OF THE MATERIALS AND RAW MATERIALS USED .............................................. 27 TYPE AND QUANTITY OF THE ESTIMATED WASTE AND EMISSIONS (CONTAMINATION OF WATER, AIR AND SOIL; NOISE, VIBRATIONS; RADIATION – LIGHT, TEMPERATURE, IONIZING, NON-IONIZING, ETC.) IN RESULT OF THE EXPLOITATION OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL ............................................ 28 WASTE 28 NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTE GENERATED ............................................................................................................. 28 RADIOACTIVE WASTE .......................................................................................................................................... 28 EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE 29 NON-RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 29 EMISSIONS OF RADIOACTIVE PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................ 29 EMISSIONS TO WATER 29 NON-RADIOACTIVE POLLUTED WASTE WATER ................................................................................................... 30 DOMESTIC WASTEWATER ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 RAIN WATER 30 RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER ............................................................................. 30 SOIL CONTAMINATION 30 NOISE AND VIBRATIONS 31 RADIATION 31 IONIZING RADIATION .......................................................................................................................................... 31 NON-IONIZING RADIATION ................................................................................................................................. 31 JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED OF INVESTMENT PROPOSAL FOR REALIZATION OF NDF ....................... 32 JUSTIFICATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL OF RADIANA SITE 32 RADIANA SITE ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 BRESTOVA PADINA SITE ...................................................................................................................................... 36 MARICHIN VALOG SITE ....................................................................................................................................... 36 VARBITSA SITE .................................................................................................................................................... 36 MOTIVES FOR THE CHOICE MADE ...................................................................................................................... 37 RATIONALE FOR SELECTING NEAR-SURFACE REPOSITORY FOR THE DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE 38 SURFACE DISPOSAL FACILITY ............................................................................................................................. 38 LONG-TERM STORAGE IN A STORAGE FACILITY .................................................................................................. 39 DISPOSAL IN A GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY .......................................................................................................... 39 MAIN OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES AND CRITERIA FOR SAFETY 40 SPECIAL STATUS AREAS.............................................................................................................................. 42 ZONES AROUND THE KOZLODUY NPP 42 RADIO-ECOLOGICAL MONITORING 43 ZONES AND PRE-EXPLOITATION MONITORING OF THE RADIANA SITE 44 DESCRIPTION OF THE LICENSING PROCESS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS ........ 45 ALTERNATIVES FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE NDF .................................................................. 46 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY, P. 3 EIA REPORT OF INVESTMENT PROPOSAL “CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE – NDF” ZERO ALTERNATIVE ................................................................................................................................... 46 ALTERNATIVES IN TECHNOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 47 TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN TRENCHES 48 TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN TUNNELS 54 DESCRIPTION, ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESUMED SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON THE POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT, IN A RADIATION AND NON-RADIATION ASPECT, RESULTING FROM THE REALIZATION OF NDF, THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES, EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCE DURING NORMAL EXPOITATION AND IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS, WASTE GENERATION AND DISCOMFORT CREATION .......... 58 ATMOSPHERIC AIR...................................................................................................................................... 58 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 58 ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY 58 NON-RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS........................................................................................................................ 58 CURRENT SITUATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 58 POTENTIAL IMPACT ............................................................................................................................................................. 58 ATMOSPHERIC AIR RADIOACTIVITY .................................................................................................................... 59 CURRENT SITUATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 59 POTENTIAL IMPACT ............................................................................................................................................................. 59 WATERS ..................................................................................................................................................... 59 SURFACE WATERS 59 NON-RADIOLOGICAL ASPECT .............................................................................................................................. 59 CURRENT SITUATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 59 DRINKING AND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY ...................................................................................................... 61 SEWAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................ 61 WASTEWATER – NON-RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATED ........................................................................................ 61 POTENTIAL IMPACT ............................................................................................................................................................. 61 RADIOACTIVE ASPECT ........................................................................................................................................