CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES TO REDUCE POVERTY i © 2004 by the Asian Development Bank June 2004 This publication was prepared under Regional Technical Assistance 6026: Promoting Urban Poverty Reduction through Participation in the Cities Alliance by the Agriculture, Natural Resources and Social Sectors Division of the Regional Sustainable Devel- opment Department, Asian Development Bank (ADB). The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed do not necessarily represent the views of ADB or those of its member countries. ISBN 971-561-503-1 Publication Stock No. 090203 In this publication, the term “country” does not imply on the part of ADB any judgment as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity. Please address inquiries for copies of this publication to the Principal Director, Office of External Relations, Asian Development Bank, P.O. Box 789, 0980 Manila, Philippines. ii Contents List of Illustrations iv Caloocan: Onward Caloocan’s Best 36 Abbreviations and Acronyms v Process 36 FOREWORD vii State of the City 36 ACKNOWLEDGMENT viii Key Problem Areas 37 Opportunities 38 RESPONDING TO URBAN GROWTH AND POVERTY 1 Vision and Mission 38 ADB and the Cities Alliance 2 Major Development Goals 38 Urban Strategy and Poverty Reduction 2 Development Strategies 38 ADB’s Involvement in the Cities Alliance 4 Cities Without Slums Program 39 City Development Strategies 5 Comments 43 Cities Without Slums Programs 7 Da Nang: Economic Growth Through a Sustainable Urban Growth and Poverty in the Region 8 Environment 45 Urban Growth in Asia 8 Process 45 Urban Growth and Poverty In India 9 State of the City 45 Urban Growth and Poverty in the Philippines 11 Key Problem Areas 46 Urban Growth and Poverty in Viet Nam 13 S-W-O-T Analysis 47 Vision, Mission, and Targets 48 THE CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PROCESS 16 Development Strategies 49 Institutionalizing the City Development Strategy 17 Priority Actions and Implementation 51 The CDS Process 17 Comments 51 Outputs of a City Development Strategy 18 City Development Strategy Document 18 Quezon City: Working in Partnership with the Citizenry in Sustaining Stakeholder Participation 18 Building a Quality Community 53 Process 53 Integrating CWS Programs 21 State of the City 54 Slums Defined 21 Key Problem Areas 55 CWS Program Scope and Links to the CDS 21 The Vision Equation: QC = Quality City 56 Potential CWS Program Components 23 S-W-O-T Analysis 57 The CWS Program Document 24 Sector Strategies and Plans 57 Plan Implementation 58 THE CASE STUDIES 25 Poverty Alleviation Through Urban Renewal 59 Calicut: Partnerships in Growth and Development 26 Comments 61 Process 26 State of the City 26 Forward Taguig 63 Summary of Key Problem Areas 27 Process 63 S-W-O-T Analysis 28 State of the City 64 Vision and Mission 28 Key Problem Areas 64 Sector Strategies 29 S-W-O-T Analysis 65 Interventions 30 Vision 65 Performance Measurement and Monitoring 31 Mission 65 Cities Without Slums Program 31 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Feedback Mechanism 66 Comments 34 Cities Without Slums Program 66 Comments 68 iii SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 70 Figures Lessons Learned 71 1 The CDS Process What Have We Learned So Far? 71 2 CDS Process and Development Planning CDS and the City 71 3 The CDS and CWS Processes Interrelation More Than One Way to Prepare a CDS/CWS Program 72 4 Location of Case Studies on City Development Strategy Participation Is the Key 73 5 Maps of Calicut City and Kerala State Poverty Reduction Is the Priority 75 6 Map of Caloocan City Strengthening the Stakeholders 76 7 Map of Da Nang City CDS Should be Proactive and Incentive-Based 76 8 Map of Quezon City Networking to Form Alliances 77 9 Institutionalizing CDS in Quezon City Monitoring Is a Must 77 10 Distribution of Business Establishments, by The RETA in Retrospect 77 Industry Classification, 2001 11 Map of Taguig The Way Forward 79 Tables Wrap-Up Meetings with Metro Manila Mayors 79 1 Low-Cost Housing and Slums Settlement Shelter Plan CDS/CWS Program a “Work in Progress” 80 for Calicut City, 2003–2020 Scaling Up the CWS Program 80 2 Priority Impact Projects in Calicut: Area, Need for Continued Assistance 80 Households and Population Covered CA Membership and Follow-on Technical Assistance 80 3 Vacant Lands in Caloocan City, 2002 Increasing Donor Collaboration 81 4 Current and Projected Population of Caloocan Collaboration with the Central Government 81 City, 1990–2010 5 Informal Settlers in Caloocan City, 2002 REFERENCES 82 6 Characteristics of the Population of Depressed Areas in Caloocan City, 2000 APPENDIXES 85 7 Economic Profile of Depressed Areas in Caloocan City, 1 Guidelines for Preparing a City Development Strategy 2000 2 Guidelines for Preparing a Cities Without Slums Program 8 Housing Needs of Informal Settlements in Caloocan City LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9 Actual Land Use in Quezon City, 1995 Text Boxes 1 Key Terms and Definitions 2 Poverty Reduction Goals 3 Strategic Planning and CDS 4 Collective Vision 5 Women Participation in Poverty Reduction in Kerala, India 6 Indicators iv Abbreviations and Acronyms Organizational Terms HUDCC Housing and Urban Development ADB Asian Development Bank Coordinating Council (Philippines) ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations HUDCO Housing and Urban Development BCDA Bases Conversion Development Authority Corporation (India) (Philippines) JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation BHIT Bonifacio Housing and Information Technology KAMANAVA Kalookan, Malabon, Navotas, (Philippines) Valenzuela (Philippines) BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (India) KSEB Kerala State Electricity Board CA Cities Alliance (India) CDA Cooperatives Development Authority (Philippines) KUDFC Kerala Urban Development CDSoc Community Development Society (India) Finance Corporation (India) CMC Calicut Municipal Corporation (India) KWA Kerala Water Authority (India) CPDO City Planning and Development Office LWUA Local Water Utilities Authority (Philippines) (Philippines) CWRDM Centre for Water Resources Development and MB Management Board (Viet Nam) Management (India) MHDO Municipal Housing and DILG Department of Interior and Local Government Development Office (Philippines) (Taguig, Philippines) DOH Department of Health (Philippines) MMDA Metro Manila Development DOJ Department of Justice (Philippines) Authority (Philippines) DOLISA Department of Labor, Invalids, and Social Affairs MMUSP Metro Manila Urban Services (Viet Nam) Project (Philippines) DOTC Department of Transportation and Communica- MOC Ministry of Construction tions (Philippines) (Viet Nam) DPC Da Nang People’s Committee (Viet Nam) MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalids, and DPI Department of Planning and Investment Social Affairs (Viet Nam) (Viet Nam) MPI Ministry of Planning and DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways Investment (Viet Nam) (Philippines) MWSS Metro Manila Waterworks and DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development Sewerage System (Philippines) (Philippines) NAPC National Anti-Poverty DWCUA Development of Women and Children in Urban Commission (Philippines) Areas (India) NATPAC National Transportation Planning ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and and Research Centre (India) the Pacific NCR National Capital Region GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (Philippines) [German Technical Cooperation] NEDA National Economic and HOAI Homeowners Association Inc. (Philippines) Development Authority HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (Philippines) (Philippines) v NHA National Housing Authority Technical Terms (Philippines) APIS Annual Poverty Indicators Survey NHC neighborhood committee (Philippines) (Calicut, India) BOT build-operate-transfer NHMFC National Home Mortgage BOOT build-operate-own-transfer Finance Corporation CDS City Development Strategy (Philippines) CMP Community Mortgage Program NIT National Institute of Technology (Philippines) (India) CWS Cities Without Slums NSO National Statistics Office FIES Family Income and Expenditure Survey (Philippines) (Philippines) OCZA Office of the City Zoning GDP gross domestic product Administrator (Philippines) HDI Human Development Index OECD Organisation for Economic IT information technology Co-operation and Development LED local economic development PCUP Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor LOG letter of guarantee (Philippines) MFI microfinance institutions PNR Philippine National Railways MRB medium-rise building PRC People’s Republic of China MTPDP Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan PSC Project Steering Committee (Calicut, India) NGO nongovernment organization QC HURA Quezon City Housing and Urban Renewal PAFs project-affected families Authority (Philippines) PCL purchase commitment line SBV State Bank of Viet Nam PM project manager SJSRY Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana PO people’s organization [Golden Jubilee Urban Employment RETA regional technical assistance Program] (India) S-W-O-T strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and TC Technical Committee (Calicut, India) threats UN United Nations TA technical assistance UPAO Urban Poor Affairs Office (Philippines) TOR terms of reference USEP Urban Slum Eradication Program (India) WBM water-bond macadam VAMBAY Valmeeki Ambedkar Avass Yojana [National Housing Program for Slum Dwellers and Urban Poor] (India) Units of Measurement VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (India) 1 lakh 100,000 (10 x 10,0000) (India) 1 crore 10,000,000 (1,000 x 10,000) (India) ha hectare(s) hh household hu housing unit kg kilogram(s) km kilometer(s) km2 square kilometer(s) kWh kilowatt-hour(s) m meter(s) m2 square meter(s) m3 cubic