APPENDIX E Class III Cultural Resources Survey Report CLASS III CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY FOR THE WHITEWATER RIVER GROUNDWATER REPLENISHMENT FACILITY – BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT RIGHT-OF-WAY GRANT PROJECT, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS White Water and Desert Hot Springs 7.5' Quadrangles BLM Permit No. CA-15-29; BLM Fieldwork Authorization No. 66.66 17-10 Submitted to: George E. Kline Bureau of Land Management 1201 Bird Center Drive Palm Springs, CA 92262 Prepared for: Luke Stowe Coachella Valley Water District P. O. Box 1058 85-995 Avenue 52 Coachella, CA 92236 Prepared by: Joan George and Justin Castells, M.A. Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 3550 East Florida Avenue, Suite H Hemet, California 92544-4937 October 2017 Keywords: ~940 acres surveyed; five previously recorded cultural resources (water conveyance sites [CA-RIV- 4873H/33-004873, CA-RIV-6379H/33-009496, and CA-RIV-6380H/33-009480]; Southern Pacific Railroad [CA- RIV-6381H/33-009498]; and historic cobble-lined trail [CA-RIV-9292H/33-018090]); eight newly identified cultural resources (two transmission lines [CA-RIV-12627H and CA-RIV-12630H], asphalt road [CA-RIV- 12628HH], water conveyance feature [CA-RIV-12629H], prehistoric habitation site [CA-RIV-12631], prehistoric artifact scatter [CA-RIV-12632], and two prehistoric isolated finds [33-026897 and 33-026898]) CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................... v 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope and Purpose of Investigation .........................................................................1 1.2 Regulatory Context ..................................................................................................4 1.2.1 National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) ................................................4 1.2.2 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) ..........................................4 1.3 Area of Potential Effects (APE) ...............................................................................5 1.4 Report Organization .................................................................................................5 2 SETTING ............................................................................................................................7 2.1 Environmental Setting .............................................................................................7 2.1.1 Lake Cahuilla ...............................................................................................9 2.2 Prehistoric Setting ..................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Cultural Chronology ..................................................................................11 2.2.2 Late Prehistory ...........................................................................................13 2.2.3 Interpreting Variability in Mortuary Patterns ............................................15 2.2.4 Lake Cahuilla and Laguna Macuata: Alternative Models of Cultural Ecology ......................................................................................................16 2.3 Ethnographic Setting ..............................................................................................18 2.3.1 Cahuilla Socio-political Organization........................................................18 2.3.2 Cahuilla Religion and Ritual ......................................................................19 2.3.3 Cahuilla Subsistence Practices and Settlement ..........................................20 2.3.4 Cahuilla Horticulture .................................................................................21 2.4 Historical Setting ...................................................................................................21 2.4.1 Homestead Development in the Coachella Valley ....................................23 2.4.2 Electricity in the Coachella Valley ............................................................25 2.4.3 Community of Whitewater ........................................................................26 3 SOURCES CONSULTED ...............................................................................................28 3.1 Archaeological Literature and Records Search......................................................28 3.1.1 CA-RIV-4873H (33-004873).....................................................................36 3.1.2 CA-RIV-6379H (33-009496).....................................................................36 3.1.3 CA-RIV-6380H (33-009497).....................................................................36 3.1.4 CA-RIV-6381H (33-009498).....................................................................37 3.1.5 CA-RIV-9292H (33-018090).....................................................................37 3.2 Historical Map Review ..........................................................................................37 3.3 Sacred Lands Search ..............................................................................................38 4 SURVEY METHODS ......................................................................................................39 5 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................40 5.1 CA-RIV-4873H (33-004873).................................................................................41 5.2 CA-RIV-6379H (33-009496).................................................................................41 5.3 CA-RIV-6380H (33-009497).................................................................................41 5.4 CA-RIV-6381H (33-009498).................................................................................43 ii 5.5 CA-RIV-9292H (33-018090).................................................................................43 5.6 Transmission Line (CA-RIV-12627H) ..................................................................44 5.7 Asphalt Road (CA-RIV-12628H) ..........................................................................44 5.8 Water Conveyance Feature (CA-RIV-12629H) ....................................................45 5.9 Transmission Line (CA-RIV-12630H) ..................................................................45 5.10 Prehistoric Habitation Site (CA-RIV-12631) ........................................................47 5.11 Prehistoric Artifact Scatter (CA-RIV-12632) ........................................................48 5.12 Isolated Artifacts ....................................................................................................48 6 RESOURCE EVALUATIONS .......................................................................................50 6.1 CA-RIV-4873H (33-004873).................................................................................50 6.2 CA-RIV-6379H (33-009496).................................................................................51 6.3 CA-RIV-6380H (33-009497).................................................................................51 6.4 CA-RIV-6381H (33-009498).................................................................................52 6.5 CA-RIV-9292H (33-018090).................................................................................52 6.6 Transmission Line (CA-RIV-12627H) ..................................................................52 6.7 Asphalt Road (CA-RIV-12628H) ..........................................................................53 6.8 Water Conveyance Feature (CA-RIV-12629H) ....................................................53 6.9 Transmission Line (CA-RIV-12630H) ..................................................................54 6.10 Prehistoric Habitation Site (CA-RIV-12631) ........................................................54 6.11 Prehistoric Artifact Scatter (CA-RIV-12632) ........................................................54 7 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................55 8 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................56 APPENDIX A: CONFIDENTIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORDS APPENDIX B: NAHC SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH List of Figures 1 Project vicinity map .............................................................................................................2 2 Project location map showing Area of Potential Effects .....................................................3 3 Whitewater Repeater Station, 1930 (Courtesy of AT&T Archives and History Center) ..26 4 Whitewater, 1950 (Courtesy of AT&T Archives and History Center) ..............................27 5 Cultural resources within the Project APE. .......................................................................42 6 Overview of newly documented segment of CA-RIV-6379H (view to the east) ..............43 7 Overview of CA-RIV-12627H (view to the northwest) ....................................................44 8 Overview of CA-RIV-12628H (view to the southeast) .....................................................45 9 Overview of CA-RIV-12629H (view to the southwest) ....................................................46 10 Overview of CA-RIV-12630H (view to the north) ............................................................46 11 Overview of CA-RIV-12631 (view to the north) ..............................................................47