Everyday Words Lesson 1 Base: Examples: 1. BENE - well; good benefit, benediction 2. FAC, FIC, FACT, FECT, FY - to do; to make factory, facile 3. LOQUI, LOCUT - to speak colloquial, elocution 4. MAGN - great magnitude, magnify, magnanimous 5. MULT - many multinational, multitude 6. PLIC, PLICIT, PLEX, PLY - to fold; to tangle complex, implicate, explicit 7. RECT(I) - right; straight direct, rector 8. SACR, SECR, ECR - sacred; holy sacrament, sacrilegious 9. SPEC, SPIC, SPECT - to look spectacle, circumspect, spectator 10. TURB - to disturb turbulent, imperturbable 11. UND, OUND - to wave abound, undulate, abundant 12. VOL - to wish; will voluntary, volition, volunteer Word of Interest: MUSCLE The word MUSCLE is made from the Latin base MUS, which means "mouse" in Latin. Muscle is so named because the ancients thought that flexing a bicep looked like a mouse running up and down the arm. Everyday Words List 2 Base: Example: 1. AQU(A) - water aquarium, aqueous 2. ART, ERT - art; skill, craft artist, artful, artifact, inert 3. DIC(T) - to say dictation, dictionary, contradict, predict, edict 4. DUC(T) - to lead duke, produce, introduction, seduce 5. EQU - equal; even equation, inequity, equitable 6. NUL(L) - nothing annul, nullify, nulliparous 7. POT - power potential, potent, omnipotent, impotent 8. PUNG, PUNCT, POIGN, PUG - to prick; to point punch, puncture, poignant, pungent, punctilio 9. SEQU(I), SECUT - to follow second, consecutive, sequence, sequel, pursue, sect, obsequious, obsequies 10. SIMIL, SIMUL - like; same simultaneous, similar, facsimile, assimilate 11. TEMPOR - time temporary, temporal, extemporaneous, contemporary 12. VERB - word; verb proverb, verbatim, adverb, verbose, verbiage Word of Interest LUNATIC The ancients believed that heavenly bodies played a major role in shaping the lives of human beings. Strange things happened when people became too preoccupied with the moon. They began to act strange or "moonstruck." The word lunatic stems from this strange behavior. The base LUN means "moon," so lunatic literally means "moonstruck." Everyday Words List 3 Base: Example: 1. ANIM – life; mind; feeling animal, animated, animosity 2. CAPIT, CIPIT (CEPS) – head capital, decapitate, bicep, captain, cap, cape 3. GRAND – big; great grandiose, aggrandizement, grand 4. GREG – flock; herd congregate, gregarious, segregation, egregious 5. JUR – law; to swear jury, injury, abjure, jurisdiction 6. LEG (LIG), LECT (LIT) – to choose; to gather collect, eligible, election, select 7. MUT – to change mutate, mutant, immutable 8. PED – foot pedal, impediment, pedestrian, centipede 9. PURG – to clear purge, purgatory 10. SENT, SENS – to feel; to think sense, sensory, resent, consent, sentimental, sensible 11. TENU – stretched out; thin tense, tension, extenuating, pretend, attend, tendon 12. VI – way; road via, deviate, deviant, obvious Word of Interest CABBAGE Is it any surprise that the word CABBAGE comes from the Latin word caput, which means “head”… Everyday Words List 4 Base: Example: 1. UNI – one unity, universe, unite, unique, union, unilateral, 2. BI(N) - two; twice bicycle, biangular, bilateral, bicameral, biannual, billion 3. TRI – three triplet, trinity, triune, triangle, triathlon, trimester, trillion 4. QUADR(U) – four quartet, quadruple, quadrilateral, quadriceps, quadrillion 5. QUINQUE – five quinquennial 6. SEX(T) - six; sixth sextet, sextuple, sexagenarian, sexagesimal 7. SEPT, SEPTEM – seven September, septangle, septillion, septet, septennial 8. OCT – eight October, octagon, octopus, octant, octogenarian, octane 9. NOVEM – nine November 10. DECEM – ten December, decennial 11. CENT – hundred century, centennial, centipede, cent, percent, centimeter 12. MIL(L) – thousand mile, million, millennium, millimeter, millipede 13. DU – twice duo, dual, duplicate, double, 14. TERTI – third tertiary 15. QUART – fourth quart, quarter, quartet 16. QUINT – fifth quintet, quintuplet, quintessential 17. SEPTIM – seventh -------------- 18. OCTAV – eighth octave, octant 19. NON – ninth noon, nonagon, nonagenarian 20. DECI, DECIM – tenth decimal, decimeter, decennial, decimate Word of Interest DECIMATE The word decimate includes the Latin base DECIM meaning “tenth.” However, the definition of the word decimate is “to destroy a large part of.” It was a common practice of the ancient Roman army to kill one of every ten men if the men rebelled against their commander. Thus over time, decimate has come to mean “to destroy a great number or to cause heavy losses.” Everyday Words List 5 Base: Example: 1. ANN(U), ENN(I) – year annual, perennial, biennial, annuity, anniversary, superannuated 2. CED, CESS - to go; to yield process, exceed, precede, necessary, intercede, antecedent, succeed 3. CORD – heart accord, discord, record, cordially, core, cardio, cardiac 4. FLOR – flower florist, florid, Florida, floral, florid, effloresce 5. FUND, FUS (FOUND) - to pour; to melt confuse, infuse, confound, transfusion, fusible, refund, 6. GRAD, GRESS - to step; to go progress, regress, congress, digress, graduate, grade, centigrade degrade, aggressive, degree 7. MAL(E), MALIGN – bad malice, malicious, malediction, malaria, malevolent, maleficent 8. SANCT - holy, sacred sanctity, sanctuary, sanctimonious, sacrosanct, saint 9. SOL – alone sole, solo, solitary, solitude, desolate, soliloquy, solitaire 10. TEN (TIN), TENT (TAIN) - to hold retain, container, maintain, detain, sustain, obtain, attain, abstain, entertain, tenant, tenable 11. VID, VIS - to see visual, video, vista, revise, provide, provision, evident, supervise 12. VOC - to call vocal, vocation, revoke, convocation, provoke, advocate, invoke, equivocal Word of Interest CEREAL The English word cereal comes from Ceres, the Roman goddess of the harvest. The Latin base CER means “grain.” Everyday Words List 6 Base: Example: 1. CLAM (CLAIM) - to cry out proclaim, clamorous, exclaim, reclaim, acclamation 2. FER - to carry; to bear transfer, fertile, aquifer, vociferous, prefer, different, refer, offer, suffer, circumference, conifer 3. LEV - to lift, light (in weight) elevate, alleviate, lever, levity, relieve, levee 4. LUD, LUS - to play; to mock ludicrous, illusion, collusion, allude, delude, elusive, prelude 5. MISC - to mix miscellaneous, miscellany, miscible 6. MORT – death mortal, immortal, mortician, mortality, mortgage 7. OMNI(I) – all omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, omnivore, omnibus 8. SEMI - half; partly semicircle, semicentennial, semifinal, semicolon, semiannual 9. SEN – old senior, senate, senile, senescent 10. STRING, STRICT (STRAIN) - to tie, bind, fasten string, strict, strain, restrict, restrain, constrain, astringent, stress 11. TORQU, TORT - to twist contortionist, torque, extortion, tortuous, distort, torture 12. VERT, VERS - to turn invert, convert, pervert, revert, divert, introvert, extrovert, universe, vertebra, adverse, advertise, avert, versus Words of Interest: LUCIFER You may have only heard the name Lucifer as the name for the leader of the devils, who, according to Christian mythology, was an angel cast from heaven into hell because he rebelled against God. In English Lucifer is usually identified with Satan. The name Lucifer comes from the Latin bases LUX (light) and FER (to carry) and means “bearer of light” or “morning star,” which refers to his former splendor as the greatest of the angels. However, the Latin word was never used only in this way and was applied to others also, including John the Baptist and Jesus. It has also been used to refer to the planet Venus as the first “star” in the morning sky. As an adjective, the Latin word lucifer meant "light-bringing" and was applied to the moon. As a noun, it meant "morning star", or, in Roman mythology, the son of Aurora. In Greek mythology it was used in the story of Eos, the Venus, the Morning Star, stands out very goddess of dawn, who gave birth to the morning star Phosphorus. well in the eastern sky before sunrise. Venus reaches its maximum luminosity on September 22. Everyday Words List 7 Base: Example: 1. CID, CIS – to cut; to kill scissors, pesticide, herbicide, patricide, matricide, regicide, homicide, decide, incision, concise, precise, incisor 2. FID, FIDEL – faith; faithful fidelity, infidelity, bona fide, affidavit, perfidy, diffident 3. FIN – end; limit; boundary final, finish, finale, define, confinement, infinity 4. LINE – line linear, lineage, curvilinear, rectilinear 5. LITER – letter; literature literal, obliterate, letter, alliteration, literature, transliteration 6. LUMIN – light; to shine illuminate, luminous, luminary 7. PART (PORT) – part; divide; share particle, portion, impart, partner, participate, partial, compartment, depart, department, partition 8. PREC – prayer precarious, deprecate, imprecation 9. SUI – self suicide, suicidal, sui generis 10. TERMIN – end; boundary term, terminal, terminally, termination, terminator, determine 11. VER – true very, verify, verdict, aver, verity, verisimilitude 12. VEST – garment vest, invest, transvestite, vestment, vesture, divest, travesty Word of Interest: FIDO People sometimes choose the strangest names for their pets. Some names have obvious origins such as Blackie, Buddy, Spot, and Old Yeller. But what about Fido? Does the name Fido make more sense now that you’ve learned that FID in Latin means “faithful”? Everyday Words List 8 Base: Example: 1. BEL(L) – war rebel, ante bellum, belligerent, bellicose, bellipotent 2. DOC, DOCT – to teach doctor, docile, document, docent, doctrine 3. FERV – to boil; to bubble fervor, fervent, fervid,